DMD 1002 - Quiz 1 Flashcards
(59 cards)
Photography
Is the process of fixing an image in time through the action of light.
Point and Shoot (Consumer) Cameras
Determines the appropriate focus and exposure settings.
- Have a built-in flash and are largely menu-driven
- Very few controls located on the camera body itself
DSLR Cameras
In a DSLR camera, a mirror located behind the lens directs the
image to an optical viewfinder.
When the shutter is released, the mirror flips out of the way and
allows light onto the sensor → This is called EXPOSURE!
Consumer Cameras
● Easy to use, low entry point.
● Allows you to “point and shoot”
automatically settings exposure
Prosumer Cameras
Blend of professional consumer
Typically DSLRs with interchangeable lenses
● Falls between the two levels, often
defined by interchangeable lenses
Imaging Chain of Cameras
The lens determines the field of view, or what the camera “sees.”
The iris regulates the intensity of exposure.
The shutter regulates the time of exposure, and the image sensor captures light and converts it into a digital signal.
Image Sensor
Lens
The lens is mounted on the front of the camera and is designed to capture and manipulate light reflected from objects in the camera’s line of sight
Measured in “Focal Length” in millimeters
(e.g. 50mm, 24-70mm)
Prime Lenses – fixed focal length
Zoom Lenses – Variable focal length
Prime Lenses
Called prime or fixed focal-length lenses. With a fixed focal-length lens, the only way to affect angle of view is to physically change the distance between the camera and the subject.
Wide-angle lenses
Have a relatively short focal length
- Results in the wide angle of view.
- Often used for shooting landscape panoramas and vistas where the primary emphasis is on establishing a wide overview of the scene
Telephoto
Lenses have a long focal length
- Results in a very narrow angle of view.
- Longlenses can magnify distant objects, making them appear much closer than they really are
Professional Cameras
Better quality sensor
● Greater control over your image
● Specialised for photo or video
Mirrorless Cameras
Unlike DSLR cameras, do not contain a mirror inside to reflect light into the sensor
Focal Length
➔ Focal length is the distance
between the optical center of a
lens and the camera image sensor
(mm)
➔ The longer the focal length, the
physically longer the lens will be
The Exposure Triangle
The larger the aperture, the more light strikes the image sensor and the greater potential there will be for acquiring shallow depth of field. Increasing the ISO increases the light sensitivity of the image sensor
Exposure triangle is widely used by photographers to refer to the three primary components of a camera system that a photographer adjusts to control exposure:
● Shutter Speed
● Aperture
● ISO
Aperture
The size of the aperture is inversely related to the DOF of an image.
As the size of the aperture decreases, DOF increases, causing more of the scene to appear in focus.
As the aperture is enlarged, DOF decreases, creating greater contrast between foreground and background objects
Shutter speed
Shutter speed influences how motion is captured by the image sensor.
Use slower shutter speed when subject motion is minimal,
the light level is low, or you purposely want to create a motion blur effect
ISO
the ISO rating is now used to describe a sensor’s ability to respond to light. The ISO designation follows a logarithmic scale, which means that each jump to a higher ISO number results in a doubling of the film’s light sensitivity
As film speed increases, however, the sharpness and clarity of an image decreases, and your image will have a grainier, or “noisier,” appearance
White Balance / Color Temperature
Light sources are rated according to their color temperature on the Kelvin scale, so named for the British physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin of Largs
Lower color temperature - cooler temperature
Higher color temperature - warmer temperature
Depth of Field
Depth of field (DOF) refers to the area of a scene in front of and behind the main subject that is in focus.
The term great depth of field is used to describe a photograph where the majority of the scene is sharply defined
Exposure
The reciprocity law, states that there is an inverse relationship between intensity and time and can be expressed mathematically as:
Exposure = Intensity × Time
Image Sensor
A small electronic chip used to register the intensity and color of light. It is the digital equivalent of “film,”
Visual Communication
Study that investigates the transmission of ideas and information through visual forms and symbols
- looks at the cognitive and affective processes that affect the way we perceive (or sense) visual stimuli
Seeing
Objective reality of
sight
Perceiving
Transmission of
culture and meaning
