DMIR Final Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Board exam after x-ray school
A
: aart
2
Q
License for illinois:
A
iema
3
Q
How many continuing hours:
A
24 every 2 years
4
Q
No threshold concept:
A
no dose is safe
5
Q
Non ionizing:
A
ultrasound and mri
6
Q
Kvp:
A
Contrast
7
Q
Dr:
A
fastest
8
Q
what creates the image
A
Remnant
9
Q
Produces fog on image:
A
scatter
10
Q
Intensity of the beam is factored by
A
Farther the beam the beam intensity also decreases
11
Q
Forms of x-ray travel
A
Penetrate, absorb, scatter (absorb is the worst)
12
Q
Patient asks to stop:
A
stop when it is save
13
Q
ALARA:
A
as low as reasonable achievable
14
Q
How long do you monitor from injection:
A
Watch throughout whole procedure
15
Q
Will it always damage the cell:
A
No, but damage could occur
16
Q
Which cells are radiosensitive:
A
ones that split easily (mitosis)
17
Q
Absorbed dose and qualifying factor:
A
Sievert (remember 1)
18
Q
Where is the dosemeter supposed to be
A
Dosimeter at the neck outside
19
Q
Air and barium:
A
double contrast in lower gi
20
Q
Single contrast lower gi:
A
barium
21
Q
Patient refusing exam:
A
yes (autonomy)
22
Q
Unacceptable image quality
A
motion
23
Q
What has the greater attenuation:
A
bone
24
Q
What has the least attenuation:
A
Air
25
Undiagnosed that causes fog
scatter
26
Big thing you'll use often
| thoughts
Critical thinking
27
Palpation:
bony landmarks
28
Important when imaging elderly:
falling
29
Standard of care:
degree of skill and knowledge of degree of care (know the patient, hygiene)
30
Crash cart used during
cpr
31
Ionization is?
loosing and electron
32
When can you view images
when it is your own patient
33
Why is it important to get good history:
previous problems, cpt coding, reimbursed (get paid)
34
What anatomy is radiolucent:
: air in lungs
35
Eligible to take the exam after x-ray school, what makes you eligible:
go to an accredited school, apply by aart rules, good moral character.
36
Cervical color stays on
doctor tells you to take it off take it off
37
Primary concern of hospital
patient care
38
Tell me examples of critical thinking:
language barrier
39
Main concern as a radiographer:
what patient wants
40
what is critical in moving patients
locking wheels
41
study of right and wrong
Ethics
42
injury from breach of duty
Negligence
43
system that stores and retrieves radiographic images
PACS
44
x-ray exam billing code
CPT Code
45
positive contrast
| Two items
Barium and Iodine
46
Cardinal Principles of radiation protection
time, (distance,) and shielding
47
Minor Contrast reactions
hives, warmth, vomiting
48
reaction that increases occupational exposure
Compton Scatter
49
patient has right to decide treatment
Autonomy
50
no harm to the patient
Nonmaleficence
51
using the lowest patient dose a possible
ALARA
52
injectable contrast
Iodine
53
reaction that increases patient dose
Photoelectric absorption
54
Minor Medical Emergencies
epistaxis, vertigo, seizures
55
radiopaque anatomy on image
Bones in the pelvis
56
do good to the patient
Beneficence
57
x-rays penetrate through easily
Low attenuation
| radiolucent
58
law that protects and secures patient records
HIPPA
59
x-rays do not penetrate and get absorbed
High attenuation
| Radiopaque
60
Inverse Square Rule
intensity of x-ray beam decreases as SID increases (source to image receptor distance)
61
Who discovered X-rays
Wilhelm Röntgen (wife's hand 1895)
62
Different Modalities
X-rays, Ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI, Nuclear Med, Fluoroscopy, Angiography
63
X-ray used for?
Quick beams into the body; see body structures (Ionizing)
64
Ultrasound used for?
High Frequency sound waves (non-Ionizing)
65
CT Scan used for?
Low dose rays taken to examine (big machine) (Ionizing)
66
MRI used for?
Low dose radio waves taken to examine (non-ionizing)
67
Nuclear Med used for?
Injection of radiation (ionizing)
68
Fluoroscopy used for?
Live X-ray imaging ; Recorded (ionizing)
69
Angiography used for?
Show blood and lymph
70
Clinical Education Importance
is essential to the development of competent medical imaging professionals. ARRT provides exam after grad
71
Good Qualities of Employee
Prepared, Effective, Efficient, Confident, Knowledgeable
72
Radiographer vs Radiologist
Radiographer takes the x-rays and aids in scanning. Radiologist interprets the scans to help with diagnosis
73
Variables of Radiation
Exposure factor, Beam Quality, Patient Characteristics, Distance, Radiographic grids, X-ray beam modifications, IR Characteristics,
74
OID
Distance between Object (body part)
75
SID
Distance between source (x-ray source)
76
Changing SID and OID
OID effects image sharpness, SID effects intensity of beams
77
Contrast of Image
Difference between black and white on an image. KvP controls contrast
78
Amount/Quantity of X-ray beams
Produced in X-ray tube. mAs controls the amount (more quantity; greater IR exposure)
79
Amount of Image Signal
Controlled by kVp
80
Quality and Penetration of X-ray beams
Controlled by kVp
81
C-Arms and Portable X-ray machines
Frequently used in surgical producers
82
Positive and negative side of X-ray tube
Anode (Postive (+)) Rotating tungsten disc. Cathode (Negative (-)) Boils off electrons via filament
83
3 Things needed to create X-rays
Source of Electrons (cathode), Acceleration (Voltage), Stop Electrons (anode)
84
Non-Diagnostic and Remnant
Scatter radiation is non-diagnostic, Remnant creates image
85
Radiopaque Vs. Radiolucent
Radiopaque (High Attenuation) non-easily penetrable
Radiolucent (Low Attenuation) Pass through easy
86
Objective and Subjective
Objective (Vitals), Subjective (patient comments)
87
Contact Precautions
Gown and gloves
88
What effects image quality
Distortion (misrepresentation of true size)
Motion (image distortion)
Magnification (size distortion)
89
Characteristics of X-rays
Man-made; Ionizing
90
Human Diversity
Same yet different
91
Personal Feelings getting involved is
Prejudice
92
Host in the chain of Infection
You or patient
93
Wash your hands!
Wash your hands!
94
Neonate
Use aseptic technique
95
Good to ask for history as a?
Good Diagnostic tool
96
Base of Support
Widen Stance
97
barium enema
Colon
98
NG and Chest Tubes
Can be visualized
99
Non-Aseptic (1) vs Aseptic (2)
1) Special Non sterile procedures (Digestive Tract; NG Tubes)
2) Always be applied (Surgeries, Chest tubes, catheters etc)
100
What are the Cardinal Principles of Radiation
time, distance, shielding
101
What is Kvp Responsible for
contrast of image
102
What adjusts the size and shape of x-ray field
Collimator
103
Which modality is non-ionizing
MRI
104
What stops the electrons in production
Anode
105
Which image receptor is the fastest
DR system
106
What is mAs responsible for
amount of density on the image
107
When increasing the SID, the beam intensity?
Decreases
108
Atomic number of barium is?
High
109
Barium appears?
Radiopaque
110
Which has the greatest attenuation
bone
111
what gives the radiographer the greatest radiation dosage
Compton Scatter
112
Which radiation reaction gives the patient the highest radiation risk
Photoeclectric absorption
113
Sievert
absorbed does times qualifying factor
114
What if a patient falls from x-ray table
negligence
115
Example of patient refusing and X-ray exam
autonomy
116
What system helps me retrieve images
PACS
117
Hives is what type of reaction
Mild reaction
118
what is what reasonable and prudent members of the profession practice regarding patients?
Standard of Care
