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DMS 102 > DMS 102 Final > Flashcards

DMS 102 Final Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Exchange of materials between the blood and the body’s tissue

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2
Q

Arterioles lead to what?

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

What transducer is used for aorta and iliac artery protocol?

A

2.5-5 MHz curvilinear

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4
Q

What is Doppler shift?

A

Difference between transmitted sound frequency & received sound frequency

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5
Q

Define metabolism.

A

Physical and chemical changes in the body

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6
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Ability to maintain a steady and stable environment

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7
Q

Superior/Cranial/Cephalic means what?

A

Towards the head (up)

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8
Q

Inferior/Caudal refers to what direction?

A

Towards the feet (down)

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9
Q

Anterior/Ventral indicates what?

A

Towards the front

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10
Q

Posterior/Dorsal means what?

A

Towards the back

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11
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards the middle

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12
Q

Lateral refers to what?

A

Towards the side

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13
Q

Proximal means?

A

Closest to the point of origin

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14
Q

Distal means?

A

Farthest from the point of origin

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15
Q

What is the midsagittal (or median) plane?

A

Vertical division dividing the body into equal left and right planes

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16
Q

What is the parasagittal (or paramedian) plane?

A

Vertical division that is parallel to the midsagittal plane

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17
Q

Define transverse plane.

A

Horizontal division of the body into superior and inferior portions

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18
Q

What does the coronal plane do?

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

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19
Q

What determines the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Midsagittal & transverse plane passing through the umbilicus

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20
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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21
Q

What does the RUQ contain?

A
  • Liver
  • GB
  • Bile Ducts
  • Rt. Kidney
  • Sup. IVC
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22
Q

What does the LUQ contain?

A
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Lt. Kidney
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23
Q

What does the RLQ contain?

A
  • Appendix
  • Cecum
  • Rt. Ovary
  • Rt. Iliac Artery/Vein
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24
Q

What does the LLQ contain?

A
  • Lt. Ovary
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Lt. Iliac Artery/Vein
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25
What is the xyphoid process?
Area of sternum
26
What is the transpyloric plane?
Horizontal plane that passes through the pylorus, duodenum, neck of the pancreas, and renal hilum
27
What is the subcostal plane?
The lowest point of the costal margin or the ribs
28
What is the intertubercular plane?
Area of Iliac crest
29
What does chondriac mean?
Cartilage
30
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
* Right hypochondriac * Epigastric * Left hypochondriac * Right lumbar region * Umbilical * Left lumbar region * Right iliac fossa * Hypogastric * Left iliac fossa
31
What is the parietal layer?
Lines the abdominal wall
32
What is the visceral layer?
Lines the organs
33
What is the peritoneum?
Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
34
What is the retroperitoneum?
Space behind the peritoneum
35
What is Morison's pouch?
Space between liver and right kidney
36
What are peritoneal recesses?
Slit like parts of the peritoneal cavity where infection might collect
37
Where are the 2 common sites for peritoneal recesses?
* Where the duodenum becomes the jejunum * Where the ileum joins the cecum
38
What are paracolic gutters?
Conduct fluids from one part of the body to another
39
What are the 4 paracolic gutters?
* Supracolic gutter * Infracolic gutter * Right paracolic gutter * Left Paracolic gutter
40
What does supine mean?
Lying face up
41
What does prone mean?
Lying face down
42
What does decubitus refer to?
90 degree angle lying on right or left side
43
What does oblique mean?
Slanting or sloping; not 90 degrees
44
What is the Trendelenburg position?
Head lower than feet
45
What is the reverse Trendelenburg position?
Feet lower than head
46
What is Fowler's position?
Head of the bed is raised 45-60 degrees with knees slightly elevated
47
What is the anatomical position?
Standing with palms up
48
What is a longitudinal optimistic view?
Patient's head is to left & feet are to right on screen
49
What is a transverse optimistic view?
Patient's right side is on left side of screen
50
What is the function of the circulatory system, heart, & lymphatics?
* Transport gases * Transport nutrients * Transport essential substances to tissues * Transport waste products from cells to sites for excretion
51
What are arteries?
Hollow elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart
52
Arteries divide into smaller vessels called what?
Arterioles
53
What are vasa vasaorum?
Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
54
What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?
* Tunica intima * Tunica media * Tunica adventitia
55
What is the function of veins?
Hollow collapsible tubes that return blood from tissues back to the heart for recirculation
56
Capillary network collects into what?
Venules, which form progressively larger vessels
57
Veins have a diminished what?
Tunica media
58
Veins have _______ to keep blood moving towards the heart and prevent backflow.
Valves
59
What are the 5 sections of the aorta?
* Root * Ascending * Arch * Descending * Abdominal: branches & bifurcation
60
What does the aorta root consist of?
* Right innominate artery * Left common carotid artery * Left subclavian artery
61
What is the normal diameter for the abdominal aorta?
< 3cm
62
Patient should be NPO for how many hours prior to abdominal aorta & iliac artery protocol?
6 hours
63
When would it be considered AAA?
Vessel diameter greater than 3cm or focal dilation or 1.5x the normal size
64
When would it be considered IAA?
Vessel diameter > 2cm or 1.5x the normal size
65
When is IAA at risk for surgical repair?
> 3cm
66
When is AAA at a risk of rupture?
> 5cm or documented rapid rate of expansion
67
Where do the common iliac arteries arise from?
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta (L4)
68
What is the normal AP diameter of the common iliac arteries?
< 2cm in trans
69
What do the Rt. & Lt. iliac arteries further divide into?
* Internal IA * External IA
70
What does the internal IA supply?
Blood to pelvic organs
71
What does the external IA supply?
Blood to legs
72
What is Doppler used for?
* Detect presence or absence of blood flow * Detect direction of blood flow * Flow disturbance patterns * Tissue characterization * Waveform analysis * Differentiate vessels from non-vascular structures
73
Above baseline indicates what?
Flow towards the transducer (red)
74
Below baseline indicates what?
Flow away from the transducer (blue)
75
What does arterial flow do?
Pulsates with the cardiac cycle and shows peak systole through end diastole velocities
76
What does venous flow show?
No or very little pulsatility. Lower flow than arteries. Phasic patterns may be seen in veins
77
Doppler color is assigned to what?
Direction of flow
78
Doppler color intensity is assigned to what?
Velocity
79
What are color artifacts?
Color present, but undetected spectral Doppler flow
80
What is the celiac trunk?
Anterior branch of aorta that is 1-2 cm caudal to the diaphragm
81
What does the celiac trunk branch into?
* Hepatic artery * Left gastric artery * Splenic artery
82
What does the celiac trunk supply blood to?
* Liver * Spleen * GB * Esophagus * Stomach * Pancreas * Duodenum
83
What is the SMA?
Anterior branch of aorta that is 1-2 cm inferior to celiac trunk which runs posterior to neck/body of pancreas
84
What does the SMA supply blood to?
* Small intestine * Cecum * Ascending & transverse colon
85
What is lymphadenopathy?
Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
86
When is lymphadenopathy considered?
If angle of SMA and aorta is > 15 degrees
87
What is the IMA?
Anterior branch of aorta arising near bifurcation (L 3-4)
88
What does the IMA supply blood to?
* Left transverse * Descending * Sigmoid colon * Rectum
89
How is the IMA best seen on ultrasound?
Longitudinal
90
What are the types of splanchnic aneurysms?
* SMA * HA * SA * GDA * IMA
91
What are the causes of splanchnic aneurysms?
* Atherosclerotic * Posttraumatic * Mycotic * Congenital * Inflammatory
92
Small % of patients with _________ may develop these splanchnic aneurysms.
Chronic pancreatitis
93
Patients with splanchnic aneurysms may also have __________.
Mural thrombus
94
What are renal arteries?
Lateral branches of aorta that are inferior to the SMA
95
What do the renal arteries supply blood to?
Kidneys & adrenal glands
96
How does the RRA course in relation to the IVC?
Posterior
97
What is a common abnormality of the renal arteries?
Duplication
98
Where are the gonadal arteries located?
Course along psoas muscles and inferior to the renal arteries
99
What do the gonadal arteries supply blood to?
Ovaries or testicles
100
Are gonadal arteries typically imaged?
No

DMS 102 (1 decks)

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