Dna

Question 1

What do nucleic acids do

Answer 1

Store information that controls cellular activity

Question 2

What di nucleic acids control

Answer 2

Protein synthesis and chemical processes

Question 3

Where is dna found

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Two types of nucleic acid

Answer 4

Deoxyribo nucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

Question 5

What does dna form

Answer 5

An important part of the chromosomes that form the chromatin network

Question 6

What is a gene

Answer 6

Secrions of dna molecules that contain hereditary info

Question 7

Structure of dna

Answer 7

Doible helix
1 sugar
1 phoshate
1 nitro base

Question 8

What are the nitro bases

Answer 8

Adenine with thymine

Cytosin with guanine

Question 9

Which of the nitro bases are pyrimidines

Answer 9

Thymine and cytosine

Question 10

Which of the nitro bases are purines

Answer 10

Adenine and guanine

Question 11

What is dnas role

Answer 11

Hereditary information in the form of genes
Coding for protein
to replicate

Question 12

Coding dna is called what

Answer 12

Exons

Question 13

Non coding dnas other name and fuctions

Answer 13

Introns and dunctional rna molecules

Question 14

Why is dna replication important

Answer 14

Make new dna molecule to ensure the genetic code is passed on to each daughter cell

Question 15

When does dna relication take place

Answer 15

Interphase

Question 16

How does dna replication take place

Answer 16

1 double helix unwinds,weak hydro break
2 exposed strand =template
3 free nucleotides bond to base pair
=two identical double helix wrap around histone

Question 17

What is an str

Answer 17

Short tandem repeat

Question 18

In dna profiling where do the differences occur

Answer 18

The non coding part

Question 19

What is dna profilling

Answer 19

The extracting if highly variable regions =repeating sequences of base pairs

Question 20

How mang diffrent site of dna profilling are investigated

Answer 20

13-20

Question 21

What is a dna profile

Answer 21

An individuals unique dna fragments,seperated by electrophoresis

Question 22

How does dna profilling occur

Answer 22

Cells treated to extract dna
Restriction enzymes cut begin and end parts
Dna gets amplified
Electrophoresis

Question 23

Whatbis gel electrophoresis

Answer 23

A method to sepreate latge molecules mainly due to size and electrical charge

Question 24

Hiw is dna profilling used

Answer 24

Forensics
Didorders
Paternity

Question 25

What is the strictute of rna

Answer 25

Single stranded Made of nucleotides 1 sugar 1 base 1 phosphate

Question 26

What is the function of rna

Answer 26

Carties instructions from dna in nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 27

What are the similarities of dna and rna

Answer 27

Made of polymers Same structure base phospate and sugar Both responsible for protein synth

Question 28

What are the types of rna

Answer 28

Messenger rna Transfer rna in cyto Ribosomal RNA

Question 29

What happens in the nucleus | Trnscription

Answer 29

Dna trabscribed into new mrna molecule | Gene unwinds nucleotides pair up/join to make rna

Question 30

The order of codons equals what

Answer 30

The order of amino acids

Question 31

The triplet code is the basis for what

Answer 31

Genetic code

Question 32

What happens at the ribosomes

Answer 32

Mrna binds to ribosome at start codon and trna binds one amino to one mrna to deposit aminos correct

Question 33

What is the anti codon

Answer 33

The three notrogenous bases at the end of a trna molecule

Question 34

What is translation

Answer 34

One codon starts the process Anti codons base link to compl bases Mrna translated into amino sequence

Question 35

Translation definition

Answer 35

The process by which a specific protein is formed from a chain of amino acids dude too the sequence of codons

Question 36

What is the purpose of rrna

Answer 36

Firm ribosomes | Read the genetic code

Question 37

What are the basic components of a codon and what does it code for

Answer 37

3 nitro bases | And protein

Question 38

What are the basic components of a gene and whatvdoes it code for

Answer 38

Nirto bases | Anti codon

Question 39

Why do we squish the strawberries

Answer 39

Break the cell walls

Question 40

Why do we use a soap and salt mix

Answer 40

Detergent causes the cell mems to break down | And salt enable the nucleic asiv to precipitate

Question 41

Why do we use heat treatment

Answer 41

Break down phospholipids to denature enzymes

Question 42

Why do we use a cold bath

Answer 42

Slow down the rate at which the dna breaks down

Question 43

Filtering is to allow what

Answer 43

The small dna moleciles to pass through

Question 44

Chilled ethanol

Answer 44

Dissolves the soluble components to form a solution

Question 45

Precipitaion is for

Answer 45

To allow the insoluble molecules to clump toegether

Question 46

Gmo plants techniques

Answer 46

1 gene gun | 2 recombinant dna technique

Question 47

What dies a gene gun do

Answer 47

Shoots a dna covered bullet in to the desirable part of the plant cells

Question 48

Recombinant dna how does it happen

Answer 48

T1 recombinant removed and restriction enzyme cuts plasmid Ligase splices the gene =transgene =intergration=grown by tissue culture

Question 49

Advantages of gmo tech

Answer 49

Saving in pest and diseas control | Higher yields

Question 50

Disadnvatages of gmo tech

Answer 50

Threat to biodiversity Disrupt notmal gene function Genetic abnormalities

Question 51

What are the 3 types of cloning

Answer 51

1 gene cloning using a plasmid 2 reproductive cloning 3 therepeutic cloning

Question 52

What are the nuclear transfer techniques

Answer 52

1 embryonic nuclear transfer | 2 somatic cell transfer

Question 53

What is embryonic nuclear transfer

Answer 53

Nuckear transfer directly from embryos

Question 54

How does somatic cell transfer occur

Answer 54

1donir cell cultures in low nutrient medium 2 nucleus of egg sucked by micropipet 3 electric pulse connects 4 electirc pulse fuses then another =cell divions 5 embryo in mom then gestation and birth

Question 55

How can cloning be used

Answer 55

For envirtro New organs /cells Tissue replacement

Question 56

What is external fertilisation

Answer 56

Huge numbers Mainly aquatic Not certain

Question 57

Internal fertilisation what is it

Answer 57

Terrestrial Birds and reptile =cloaca Most mammal male penis Sperm to femal =copulation

Question 58

What is ovipary

Answer 58

Eggs develop outside | Egg yolk =food

Question 59

What is ovivipary

Answer 59

Eggs inside till hatch

Question 60

What is vivipary

Answer 60

Internal No egg shell Placenta

Question 61

What is a Cloaca

Answer 61

Single opening in lower abdomen

Question 62

Precocial

Answer 62

More energy before birth Can survive on own Less parental care

Question 63

Altricial

Answer 63

Not well developed | Needs parebtal care