Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Sem 1 and 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA often called?

A

The blueprint of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does DNA do in simple terms?

A

DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do we study DNA?

A

-It is the central importance in all life on earth
-Medical benefits such as cures for diseases
-better food crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are our genes?

A

on our chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromosomes are made up of which chemical?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the basic shape of DNA?

A

DNA is a very long polymer. The basic shape of DNA is like a twisted ladder called a double helix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the backbone of DNA?

A

Phosphates and Deoxyribose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the “teeth” of DNA?

A

Nitrogenous bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is DNA a polymer and have many millions of?

A

Nucleotides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the four nitrogenous bases?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two kinds of bases in DNA?

A

Pyrimidines and Purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of bases are Thymine and Cytosine? why.

A

Pyrimidines. They are single ring bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of bases are Adenine and Guanine and why?

A

Purines. They are Double ringed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the “rings” of the bases in DNA.

A

Carbon and Nitrogen atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many strands does DNA have?

A

Two.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do the nitrogenous bases attract to each other?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are there millions of in single molecules of DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Adenine always join together with?

A

Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Cytosine always join together with?

A

Guamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Each cell has about how much DNA?

A

2 m of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many cells does the average human being have?

A

about 75 trillion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The average human being has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun how many times?

A

more than 400 times.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DNA has a Diameter of only how much m?

A

0.000000002 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
26
Where in the cell are Chromosomes located?
The nucleus
27
What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
28
What are the small sections of DNA molecules that determine genetic traits?
Genes
29
What are the Pyrimidine bases?
Thymine and Cytosine
30
What are the Purine bases?
Adenine and Guanine
31
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphates, sugar, and the base (Adenine).
32
What are the "sides" of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar-phosphate backbones
33
What are the "rungs" of the DNA ladder made of?
The four nitrogenous bases Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
34
What are the four nitrogenous bases called?
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
35
What bond are nucleotides attached by?
The bond between the sugar base and the phosphate group.
36
What is DNA shaped like?
A double helix.
37
What are the steps of DNA replication
1.) Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break 2.) strands of DNA seperate 3.) Free Nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA 4.) Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form
38
how do you find the amount of the nitrogenous bases
each compatible base will have an equal percentage. The total sum of all of the bases will add up to 100. n(2) + x(2)=100
39
what type of biological molecule is the DNA helicase
enzyme
40
What is the role of the DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?
to break hydrogen bonds.
41
What kind of replication is DNA?
semi-conservative replication
42
why is DNA replication called semi-conservative replication
the new DNA is built off of the old half
43
are the rungs of the nitrogenous "ladder" parallel or antiparallel?
antiparallel
44
what is the role of the DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?
to "Unzip" the double helix/break the hydrogen bonds.
45
what rule is used to re-join the free nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA?
the base-pairing rule
46
How does semi conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication?
The old DNA serves as a guide or template so that the DNA is copied exactly by base pairing.
47
DNA replication involves a host of what?
enzymes and regulatory molicules.
48
which enzyme "proofreads" each new DNA strand, helping to maximize the odds that each molecule is a perfect copy of the original DNA.
the polymercase
49
What is the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication called?
the DNA polymercase
50
what is the Enzyme that joins the individual nucleotides together to produce a DNA molecule?
The DNA polymercase
51
before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called what?
replication
52
when does the "unzipping" of the enzymes occur?
when the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken and the two strands of the molecule unwind.
53
true or false, each strand serves as a template for the attachment of the complementary bases.
true.
54
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein, tightly packed together to form which substance?
Chromatin
55
What do proteins do for the body?
They control chemical messages in the cell; direct the synthesis of carbo's, lipids, and nucleotides; enzyme; and give the cell structure and movement.
56
What are the differences between RNA and DNA
-RNA uses Ribose sugars while DNA uses Deoxyribose -RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded -RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine.
57
what does RNA use in place of Thymine
Uracil
58
What does the word Transcribe mean
Transcribe: to make a copy
59
How are special base sequences in DNA recognized by RNA?
special base sequences in DNA are recognized by RNA as "Start" and "Stop" signals.
60
What region of DNA is the "Start" sequence called
The promoter region of DNA
61
What happens when the RNA polymercase reaches the end or "Stop" part of genetic code for that protein?
It releases
62
when does the RNA polymercase release?
once it reaches the end or "Stop" part of genetic code for the protein.
63
what happens to Finished mRNA? (Message RNA)
it leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
64
what is the first step of protein synthesis?
Transcription.
65
what are the 3 main types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
66
what is the second step to protein synthesis?
Translation
67
What does a group of 3 RNA bases make up?
a Codon
68
What does each codon specify?
each codons specify a particular amino acid
69
By matching the codon of mRNA to the anticodon of tRNA, what happens?
the correct amino acid is put in place.
70
what is formed between the 2 amino acids?
a peptide bond.
71
what is Transcription?
transcribing DNA information (gene instructions) into mRNA which can leave the nucleus and go to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
72
What is the t in tRNA?
Transfer
73
what is the r in rRNA?
ribosomal
74
what is the m in mRNA?
messenger
75
how many types of RNA are there?
there are three
76
Where does DNA transcription occur?
in the nucleus.
77
Where in the cell does translation occur?
in the cytoplasm.
78
what is Translation?
The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
79
What is the "Start" codon?
AUG
80
What are the "stop" codons?
UAG, UAA, and UGA.
81
What are the three main stages of transcription
Initiation, elongation, and termination.
82
In which form of RNA is genetic information Transcribed from DNA
mRNA.

Biology Sem 1 and 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions