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dna Flashcards

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1
Q

dna abbeviation ?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

rna ?

A

ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

dna -> dna

A

replication

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4
Q

dna -> rna

A

transcription

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5
Q

rna -> proteins

A

translation

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6
Q

dna is a polymer

A

deoxyribonucleotides

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7
Q

base pairs ?

A

is the number of nucleotides present
defines the length of dna

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8
Q

phi 174 bacteriophage has how many nucleotides

A

5386

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9
Q

Nucleotide in bacteriophage lambda

A

48502

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10
Q

No. Of nucleotide in Escherichia coli

A

4.6 × 10 ^6 base pairs.

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11
Q

No of nucleotide in haploid content of human dna

A

3.3× 10 ^6 bp

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12
Q

Nucleoside?

A

Nitrogenous base + pentose sugar

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13
Q

Nucleotide?

A

Nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate

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14
Q

Purines?

A

Adenine and guanine

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15
Q

Pyramidines

A

Cytosine - thymine - uracil

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16
Q

Nitrogenous base is attached to which alcohol of pentose sugar

A

OH of 1 C of pentose sugar

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17
Q

What is the bond in nitrogenous sugar attached to 1C of pentose sugar

A

N - glycosidic bond.

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18
Q

Nucleoside in rna if nitrogen base is adenine

A

Adenosine.

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19
Q

Nucleoside in dna if adenine is nitrogenous base

A

Deoxyadenosine

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20
Q

Nucleoside in dna if guanine is nitrogenous base

A

Deoxyguanine

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21
Q

Nucleoside in rna if guanine is nitrogenous base

A

Guanosine

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22
Q

Nucleoside in dna if cytosine is nitrogenous base

A

Deoxycytidine

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23
Q

Nucleoside in rna if cytosine is nitrogenous base

A

Cytidine

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24
Q

Nucleoside in dna if thymine is nitrogenous base

A

Deoxythymidine

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25
Nucleoside in rna if uracil is nitrogenous base
Uridine
26
How is phosphate group linked to nucleoside?
Phosphate is linked to 5 C pentose sugar
27
Bond present btw phosphate group and sugar of nucleoside
Phosphoester
28
How are two nucleotides linked?
The phosphates are linked with 3, 5 phosphodiester group
29
What's the 5 ' end of polynucleotide chain?
Polymer had a phosphate at 5' end of sugar
30
What's the 3' end of polynucleotide chain
There's a free OH group at 3'C
31
Back bone of polynucleotide chain
Due to sugar and phosphates.
32
What's the difference btw rna and dna?
+ has an additional OH group present at 2' position at ribose + Uracil instead of thymine
33
Chemically thymine is?
5- methyl uracil
34
Who found Dna first?
Freidrich meischer
35
What name did fredrich give dna
Nuclein
36
Who gave the double helix model?
James watson and francis crick
37
X ray diffraction data was given by?
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
38
Who said that adenine - thymine and Guanine and Cytosine paired in equal ratio?
Erwin Charagaff
39
Polarity of chains?
Antiparallel chain First chain - 5' to 3' Second chain - 3' to 5 '
40
Adenine forms how many bonds with thymine
2 hydrogwn bonds
41
Guanine bonds with Cytosine with how many bonds?
3 hydrogen bonds
42
How are the chains coiled?
Right handed
43
Pitch of an dna helix
3.4 nm
44
How many bp in one turn of dna
10
45
Distance btw a bp in helix
0.34 nm
46
What adds to the stability of helical structure
Plane of one basepair stacks over another bp
47
Who proposed to central dogma?
Francis crick
48
What does central dogma say?
Information flows from dna to rna to protein
49
How is the central dogma in virus defined
Rna - dna
50
Length of human dna
2.2 m
51
How is dna packed in prokaryotes?
Dna is held with proteins aka nucleoid
52
Positively charged proteins in eularyotes?
Histones
53
Histones are rich in?
Arginine and lysine
54
Histonr octamer?
When eight molecules of histones form a unit to help wrap dna
55
Dna is ----------- charged?
Negatively
56
What is the term when dna is wrapped around histone octamer
Nucleosome.
57
Base pairs in nucleosome?
200 bp of dna.
58
Repeating unit in nucleosome is called
Chromatin
59
Nucleosome in chromatin is called
Beads on string
60
Chromatin is packaged to form
Chromatin fibers
61
Chromatin is coiled and condensed at which stage to form chromosome?
Metaphase stage of cell division
62
What are non histone chromosomal proteins
Additional set of proteins other than histones required for packaging
63
Region of chromatin loosely packed is called
Euchromatin
64
Euchromatin stains ?
Stains light.
65
Chromatin that is densely packed
Heterochromatin
66
Heterochromatin stains?
Stains dark
67
Which chromatin is transcriptionally active?
Euchromatin
68
Which chromatin is transcriptionally inactive
Heterochromatin.
69
Who gave the transforming principle?
Frederick Griffith
70
Which bacteria was used to experiment the transforming principle
Streptococcus pneumoniae
71
Why is the s strain called so
Forms smooth shiny colonies
72
Why is r starain called so
Forms rough colonies.
73
Why does s strain form smooth colonies but r in rough?
Smooth strain has mucous coat. Mucous is a polysaccharide.
74
Which strain is virulent
S strain
75
Did transforming principle define the genetic material?
No.
76
Who did biochemical characterisation of transforming principle
Avery, Macleod, Mc Carty
77
How did the biochemical characterisation of transforming principle prove dna is the genetic material
+ used protease and digested proteins - transformatioln √ + used rnase and digested rna - transformation √ + used dnase, and digested dna - Transformation ×
78
Who provides unequivocal proof that dna is the genetic materiak
Hershey and chase.
79
What was used for hershey and chase experiments
Bacteriophages

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