dna Flashcards
(20 cards)
function of the nucleus?
to store genetic information
define gamete
sex cells
what is an enzyme?
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst
How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
define haploid?
A cell/nucleus with half the number of chromosomes as a normal (diploid)
cell/nucleus
State the nucleotide bases that DNA is made up of?
A,T,C,G
Describe complementary base pairing?
A pairs with T and G always pairs with C
Which type of bond holds together the complementary nucleotide bases?
WEAK hydrogen bonds
State the components of DNA extraction buffer solution.
- Water
- Salt
- Detergent
What needs to be added to precipitate the
DNA from solution during DNA extraction
ICE COLD ethanol
homozygous
When an organism inherits two alleles for a particular gene and they are the same
define allele
a different version of the same gene
heterozygous
When an organism inherits two alleles for a particular gene and they are the different
recessive
An allele that is only expressed when both/two copies are inherited
dominant
An allele that is always expressed even when only one copy is inherited
genome
The full set of chromosomes for a particular organism
Which enzyme used in genetic engineering is used to ‘cut the DNA strands
restriction enzymes
Which enzyme used in genetic engineering is used to stick’ the DNA fragments back together via their sticky ends
ligase
Give the shape of the DNA structure
double helix
State the sex chromosomes for a man and a woman
Male = XY
Female = XX
