DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

helicase

A

unzips DNA strands, break H bonds, In DNA replication, enzyme

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2
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that matches DNA nucleotides to a template strand-5´to 3´ only

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3
Q

primase

A

makes primer for polymerase to do its work, adds a foundation made of RNA

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4
Q

ligase

A

glues the new DNA together

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5
Q

Step 1 pt.1 Replication:
Helicase comes into DNA and does what

A

unwinds (unzips) DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds to create a replication bubble

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6
Q

Step 1 pt. 2 Replication:
Primase does what?

A

comes into the replication bubble and lays a RNA primer to signal start of replication

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7
Q

Step 2 Replication:
DNA Polymerase does what?

A

DNA Polymerase comes in and begins building bases to to match to the template strand
only 5’-3’

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8
Q

Leading and lagging strand explanation

A

based on carbon # location
2 strands; leading and lagging
Leading; 5’-3’
Lagging; 3’-5’ strands but works 5’-3’ for DNA Polymerase, it is broken up into sections(oxazaki fragments)

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9
Q

Step 3 of replication:
Ligase?
Polymerase?

A

ligase removes the primers and replaced RNA with DNA
Polymerase proof reads for errors

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10
Q

Result of replication

A

2x DNA
semi-conservative; 1/2 new 1/2 old

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11
Q

transcription and translation go through a process called what?

A

protein synthesis

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12
Q

Transcription location in Eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus
then leaves and goes into cytoplasm to be converted into a protein for translation

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13
Q

Transcription location in Prokaryotic cells

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

What does RNA polymerase do? step 1 and 2?

Transcription

A

-unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds
-only able to add more RNA nucleotides 5’-3’
-only coding complementary info to one side (TEMPLATE STRAND)
- New RNA will have the same info as coding strand except T will be U

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15
Q

When does the RNA polymerase stop
End of transcription in Prok.
Step 3 for Euk.
transcription

A

when it reaches the terminator

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16
Q

Euk. only- last step
What happens?
Transcription

A

-Cap and tail are added to ends of the pre-RNA
-introns are cut out
- exons get pasted together
-leaves nucleus and goes into cytoplasm for translation

17
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

22

18
Q

how many permutations are there

A

64

19
Q

how many codons are amino acids?
How many are stop codons?

A

61 amino acids
3 stop

20
Q

What are codons

A

3 mRNA bases
codes for 1 amino acid

21
Q

Step 1; Initiation

A

small ribosomal subunit attaches to the start codon in the mRNA

22
Q

What is tRNA?

A

-contains an anti-codon that complimentary to the mRNA codon to which it binds to
-attached to the end is the corresponding amino acid.

23
Q

Step 2; Elongation

A

-large subunit attaches (ribosome)
-more tRNA comes
-tRNA exits but leaves amino acids behind-forming the polypeptide chain

24
Q

step 3; termination

A

-stop codon encountered
-ribosome detaches and a polypeptide is released