DNA

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

basic unit of structure and function in every living thing

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

a double rod of condensed chromatin: a coiled structure made of DNA and proteins

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid: the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Question 5

Erwin Cargaff

Answer 5

Did research and discovered DNA had equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts if C and G, in every living organism

Question 6

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 6

Took the first photo of DNA
This photo is called photo 51
Lead to the discovery of the shape of DNA

Question 7

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer 7

Watson and Francis Crick
Credited with discovering the shape of DNA
DNA is a double helix (twisted ladder)

Question 8

Base Pair rules

Answer 8

A always pairs with T
C pairs with G

Question 9

Bases

Answer 9

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine ( C)
Guanine (G)

Question 10

Replication

Answer 10

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells

Question 11

Enzymes

Answer 11

complete DNA replication

Question 12

helicase

Answer 12

unzips DNA

Question 13

primase

Answer 13

starts DNA building

Question 14

DNA polymerase

Answer 14

builds new DNA

Question 15

Ligase

Answer 15

glue okazaki fragments

Question 16

process

Answer 16

the order of the enzymes

Question 17

leading

Answer 17

one side of the strand builds faster

Question 18

lagging

Answer 18

only build a portion of DNA at a time

Question 19

okazaki fragments

Answer 19

a portion of dna

Question 20

semiconservative

Answer 20

a double helix is composed with an old strand and a new strand

Question 21

protein synthesis

Answer 21

DNA become protein

Question 22

transcription

Answer 22

the process of making an mRNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence

Question 23

translation

Answer 23

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 24

mutations

Answer 24

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 25

Deletion

Answer 25

type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.

Question 26

insertion

Answer 26

is a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

Question 27

substitution

Answer 27

A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another

Question 28

misense

Answer 28

occurs when there is a mistake in the DNA code and one of the DNA base pairs is changed

Question 29

nonsense

Answer 29

a change in DNA that causes a protein to stop early

Question 30

Silent

Answer 30

base substitutions that result in no change of the amino acid

Question 31

Frameshift

Answer 31

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.