DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?
Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
What is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence called?
Transcription
What is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the process of creating a protein from an RNA template called?
Translation
What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What is the start codon in protein synthesis?
AUG
What is the stop codon in protein synthesis?
UAA, UAG, UGA
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
What is a silent mutation?
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence
What is a frameshift mutation?
A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code
What is DNA replication?
The process of making a copy of DNA
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein
What is a codon?
A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
What is a nucleotide?
The building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
What is DNA methylation?
The addition of a methyl group to DNA, which can regulate gene expression
What is a restriction enzyme?
An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition sites
What is gel electrophoresis used for in DNA analysis?
Separating DNA fragments based on size
What is PCR used for in DNA analysis?
Amplifying DNA segments
