DNA

Question 1

how many strands in dna serve as a template for transcription

Answer 1

1 parental strand

Question 2

describe deoxyribonucleotude

Answer 2

double stranded, dna, deoxyribose sugar, ATGC, phosphates

Question 3

double helix, what does it provide

Answer 3

2 linked strands that wind around each other. provides a measure of protection

Question 4

semi conservative

Answer 4

half of the original dna appears in the replicated dna

Question 5

anti parallel

Answer 5

strands run in opposite directions

Question 6

describe ribonucleotide

Answer 6

single stranded, ribose sugars, AUGC, RNA, phosphates

Question 7

where is mRNA made, what does it do

Answer 7

made in the nucleus,
- carries genetic message from DNA in the nucleus
- to ribosome in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis

Question 8

replication fork

Answer 8

Y shaped site where DNA is separated and synthesized

Question 9

3’ and 5’ ends

Answer 9

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5’ to 3’ direction (moves along the template strand in the 3’ to 5’ direction)

Question 10

template strand

Answer 10

parental strand

Question 11

leading strand

Answer 11

built continuously 5’ to 3’

Question 12

lagging strand

Answer 12

synthesized in fragments

Question 13

helicase

Answer 13

unwinds

Question 14

polymerase

Answer 14

adds nucelotides

Question 15

ligase

Answer 15

links fragments

Question 16

ribosome

Answer 16

• construction site
  translates mrna into polypeptide chains to assemble proteins.

Question 17

trna

Answer 17

transfers amino acids to ribosme to make proteins

Question 18

what is a cells source of supply of amino acids?

Answer 18

diet (essential amino acids)

Question 19

codon

Answer 19

triplet of nitrogen bases on mrna. codes for amino acids

Question 20

anticodon

Answer 20

trna that carries specific amino acid to complimentary base pair with codon

Question 21

what happens to transfer rna after it drops off its amino acod

Answer 21

leaves the translation “e” site, recharged to find another amino acid to deliver

Question 22

silent substitution

Answer 22

no effect

Question 23

missense substitution

Answer 23

change in codon

Question 24

nonsense substitution

Answer 24

stop codon

Question 25

addition/deletion

Answer 25

frameshift: codons after mutation change

Question 26

what are proteins, what is it made through

Answer 26

chains of amino acids that do jobs in our bodies made through translation and protein synthesis

Question 27

Where is translation?

Answer 27

in the ribosome

Question 28

initiation (translation)

Answer 28

Ribosome binds to the MRNA, entering the a site. tRNA to the start codon

Question 29

elongation (translation)

Answer 29

- ribosome reads mrna codons - trna brings amino acids to the ribosome in the P site, exits with the E site - ribose forms a polypeptide chain

Question 30

termination (translation)

Answer 30

ribosome reaches stop codon, chain released with hydrolysis from the release factor

Question 31

separation (replication)

Answer 31

dna helicase unwinds double helix, breaking H bonds. - single stranded binding proteins prevent re joining

Question 32

complementary base pairing (replication)

Answer 32

dna polymerase adds nucleotides. - rna primase begins replication by making primers. once primers are in place polymerase adds nucleotides

Question 33

joining (replication)

Answer 33

dna ligase links fragments with phosphodiester bonds

Question 34

site of replication for prokaryotes

Answer 34

no nucleus, replication in cytoplasm

Question 35

transcription

Answer 35

copying genetic info from DNA to mRNA

Question 36

initiation (transcription)

Answer 36

rna polymerase binds in the promoter region (TAA box), exposing template strand and attaches

Question 37

elongation (transcription)

Answer 37

mRNA symthesized

Question 38

termination (transcription)

Answer 38

rna polymerase and new rna are released, dna is reformed

Question 39

how many genes are transcribed with transcription

Answer 39

one

Question 40

rna polymerase

Answer 40

enzyme that does transcription

Question 41

______ codons reduce errors

Answer 41

diverse

Question 42

rna splicing

Answer 42

removes introns (pre rna) and reconnects exons