DNA

Question 1

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

Answer 1

A, G, T, C

Question 2

What is the full name of the nitrogen bases?

Answer 2

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Question 3

What does the Phosphate backbone do in DNA?

Answer 3

Give shape and structure to the DNA and also supports the nitrogen bases

Question 4

What are the two sex cells (gametes)?

Answer 4

Sperm and Egg

Question 5

Why is Meiosis sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Meiosis creates a varied offspring

Question 6

Why is Mitosis asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Mitosis creates a identical offspring

Question 7

What is the first step of Mitosis?

Answer 7

Making an identical copy of the chromosomes

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

Gene variant

Question 9

What are the two types of alleles?

Answer 9

Dominant and Recessive

Question 10

What is a genotype?

Answer 10

Genetic makeup

Question 11

What are the three types of genotypes?

Answer 11

Homozygous Dominant
Homozygous Recessive
Heterozygous

Question 12

How many individual chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 12

46

Question 13

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

What is homozygous dominant?

Answer 14

Two dominant alleles

Question 15

What does ‘homo’ mean?

Answer 15

Same

Question 16

What is homozygous recessive?

Answer 16

Two recessive alleles

Question 17

What is heterozygous?

Answer 17

One dominant and one recessive allele

Question 18

What does ‘hetero’ mean?

Answer 18

Different

Question 19

What is phenotype?

Answer 19

A trait you receive depending on your genotype

Question 20

What is an example of a genotype that would stop you from getting a phenotype?

Answer 20

Homozygous Recessive

Question 21

What is a punnett square’s purpose?

Answer 21

Used to predict the possibility of the offspring receiving a phenotype and what genotype they might have

Question 22

What is a Genome?

Answer 22

The place where all the genetic information for an organism is

Question 23

What does the phrase ‘Crossing Over’ mean?

Answer 23

Genes “mixing up” and the resulting gamete becoming genetically varied from the original cell

Question 24

What is the first step of Meiosis?

Answer 24

The germ cell drives the 46 individual chromosomes, now only has 23 individual, so that when it combines with the other germ cell, the new cell only has 23 pairs/46 individual.

Question 25

Is genetic mutation positive, negative, or neutral? Why?

Answer 25

It's is all of the above Because......... if its is positive it means you are protected from SCA (sickle cell anemia), if it is negative it mean you have SCA, and if it is neutral it means it doesn't affect you

Question 26

What is the definition of genetic mutation and what does it do?

Answer 26

During Mitosis when one of the cells doesn't make an exact copy properly and some of the chromosome is missing

Question 27

What is happening when a gene substitutes, deletes, inserts, or shifts?

Answer 27

Genetic Mutation

Question 28

What is the reason that each gamete has 23 chromosomes? Why is it important?

Answer 28

There can only be 23 chromosomes because the gamete will combine with another gamete and create a cell that has 23 pairs (or 46) of chromosomes, the correct number for life to flourish

Question 29

What is the function of DNA

Answer 29

Coding instructions/information for the body

Question 30

What does the A in DNA stand for?

Answer 30

ACID

Question 31

What does the D is DNA stand for?

Answer 31

deoxyribose DEE_OKKSEE_RYBOSEE

Question 32

What does the N is DNA stand for?

Answer 32

nucleic NEW_CLETIAC

Question 33

What is the main point of Meiosis?

Answer 33

To divide the chromosomes and end up with gametes that only have 23 chromosomes

Question 34

What is the shape of the DNA strand?

Answer 34

Double Helix

Question 35

What is the effect of Miosis on the human body

Answer 35

Growth