DNA Flashcards
(29 cards)
Chromosome
A chromosome is made of a single molecule of DNA (along with some other proteins)
Sister Chromatids
Identical copy of the chromosome
Centromere
Keeps the copy and original together
Gene
A group of rungs that are responsible for a specific gene
Histone Protein
DNA unraveled, packaging of DNA
Chromatin
A mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes
DNA Molecule
carries genetic instruction
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA found?
In the cell nucleus
What do the genetic instructions in DNA influence?
The development and functioning of all known living organisms
Who discovered the structure of DNA and in what year?
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953
What is DNA made up of?
Several units of nucleotides
What are the components of a nucleotide?
- Ribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogen base
How many nitrogen bases are there in DNA?
Four
List the four nitrogen bases in DNA.
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
Which nitrogen bases pair together in DNA?
- Adenine with Thymine
- Cytosine with Guanine
What structural shape does a DNA molecule resemble?
A twisted ladder called a double helix
What forms the two sides of the DNA ladder?
Ribose sugar and phosphate group molecules
What are the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ladder composed of?
A pair of nitrogen bases
What is one side of the DNA strand called?
Sequence
What is the other side of the DNA strand called?
Complementary sequence
What is a chromosome made of?
A single molecule of DNA (along with some other proteins)
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes
