DNA

Question 1

What does the cell nucleus contain

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What are chromosomes made of

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 3

What shape is a strand of DNA

Answer 3

double stranded moleculed twisted into a spiral

Double Helix

Question 4

What are the building units of DNA

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

Each nucleotide has a base - name the 4 bases

Answer 5

Guanine
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine

Question 6

What are the pair bonds between the 4 nucleotide bases

Answer 6

A & T

G & C

Question 7

The DNA strands have sections- what are they called

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

What does a Gene make

Answer 8

proteins or part of proteins

Question 9

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 1

Answer 9

1. detergent or salt to break down the membrane of the call and release the chromosomes

Question 10

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 2

Answer 10

2. use a protein digesting enzyme to break down the protein in part of the chromosomes, releasing the DNA

Question 11

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 3

Answer 11

3. Add cold methanol, which precipitates the DNA (makes it come out of solution). The strands can now clearly be seen.

Question 12

What is the name of of the arrangement where the 2 strands of a DNA molecule are joined together through their bases

Answer 12

Complementary base pairing

Question 13

What type of bonds are used to joint the bases

Answer 13

weak hydrogen bonds

Question 14

why is it important that the bonds between bases are weak

Answer 14

it is important for when they make proteins or when they divide to form new cells

Question 15

Name the 2 scientists that discovered the arrangement of the atoms of DNA molecules

Answer 15

Rosalin Franklin

Maurice Williams

Question 16

Name the year the that 2 scientists discovered the arrangement of the atoms of DNA molecules

Answer 16

1952

Question 17

What technique was used to discover the arrangement of the DNA molecules

Answer 17

X-ray crystallography

Question 18

Name the 2 scientists that proposed the shape of the DNA molecules as a double helix

Answer 18

James Watson

Francis Crick

Question 19

How was the structure of DNA discovered

Answer 19

Scientists building on each others work colaboratively

Question 20

In genetic code what is a sequence of 3 bases called

Answer 20

codon

Question 21

In genetic code what does a codon specify

Answer 21

an amino acid

Question 22

Does genetic code differ between living things

Answer 22

No - it works the same way in the cells of all living things