DNA

Question 1

Eukaryotes

Answer 1

Any cell that possesses a defined nucleus.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

A double membrane surrounded organelle with pores.

Question 3

Membrane

Answer 3

A thin sheet of tissue layer cells acting as a boundary and protection.

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

Any number of organized/specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 5

Nuclear pores

Answer 5

• A large complex of proteins.
• Spans the nuclear envelope
• Surrounds the eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Nucleoplasm

Answer 6

The substance of a cell nucleus other than the chromosomes or nucleus.

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

• A sum of all chemical changes in a cell or organism.

- Molecules are broken down to release energy.

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

Largest structure in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Question 9

Chromatin network

Answer 9

• Network of the cell nucleus.

- Contains all DNA of the cell.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

• A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms.
• Main constituent of chromosomes. (genetic info)

Question 11

Chromosomes

Answer 11

• Thread-like structure of nucleic acids and proteins.

- Carries genetic information. (genes)

Question 12

Genes

Answer 12

Transferred characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

• Double membrane organelle found in eukaryotic organisms.

- Converts food to energy.

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

In green plant cells, a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

Question 15

Extranuclear DNA

Answer 15

• Small circular chromosomes

- Located in 2 types of organelle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

• Ribonucleic acid found in all living cells.

- Acts as a messenger from DNA.

Question 17

Monomers

Answer 17

A molecule that bonds to identical molecules to form polymer.

Question 18

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Biological molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

The material (protoplasm) within a living cell excluding the nucleus.

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units.

Question 21

Monomer

Answer 21

Units (building blocks) that bind other molecules together.

Question 22

Nucleotides

Answer 22

Biological molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Question 23

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer 23

A chemical compound derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom.

Question 24

Phosphate group

Answer 24

Occurs once connected to a molecule containing Carbon.

Question 25

Nitrogenous base

Answer 25

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 26

Adenine

Answer 26

Functions in protein synthesis.

Question 27

Thymine

Answer 27

One of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA.

Question 28

Cytosine

Answer 28

A pyrimidine derivative.

Question 29

Guanine

Answer 29

- A compound that occurs in guano. | - A derivative of purine.

Question 30

Purine

Answer 30

Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound.

Question 31

Pyrimidine

Answer 31

A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties.

Question 32

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

Form of association between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom attached to a second electronegative atom.

Question 33

Gene

Answer 33

Coded instructions for making everything your body needs.

Question 34

Genome

Answer 34

The entirety of an organism's hereditary information.

Question 35

DNA replication

Answer 35

Ensures that each new cell made contains an entire set of instructions.

Question 36

Protein synthesis

Answer 36

The construction of proteins by the living cells.

Question 37

Amino acids

Answer 37

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.

Question 38

Coding DNA

Answer 38

Sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures

Question 39

Non-coding DNA

Answer 39

- DNA sequence on a chromosome that is not in a gene and that does not code for proteins - Instead regulates and controls gene expression.

Question 40

Gene expression

Answer 40

Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products.

Question 41

Mutation

Answer 41

Change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism.