DNA analysis Flashcards
(8 cards)
1
Q
Polymerase Chain Reaction
A
- Polymerase: binds to a single-stranded DNA template and synthesises a complementary strand
- Primers: chemicals that target a unique sequence of DNA
- Free nucleotides
2
Q
Nuclear DNA
A
- Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus of an organism
- 3.2 billion base pairs per cell = genome
- Bound in 23 pairs of chromosomes
- about 5% of human DNA is classified as genes
3
Q
Haplotypes
A
- The SNPs on a single chromosome inherited from a single parent
- Humans are diploid, they have two pairs of each chromosome
- Haploid: cell/organism with a single chromosomes/set of chromosomes
- Haplotype describes the information from either the Y-chromosome or mtDNA
4
Q
Haplogroup
A
- Populations that share a genetic ancestor
- Principal groupings defined by a letter: sub-groups further defined by numbers and letters
5
Q
Autosmal DNA
A
Autosmal DNA is inherited from all of our ancestors
6
Q
STR: Short Tandem Repeats
A
- 0.9% of human DNA shows variations between individuals
- Stretches 2-6 base pairs in length
- Often used in study of forensic evidence for genetic profiling
- Comparison of 2 or more DNA samples
- Usually examine c.13 STRs
7
Q
Bone samples for DNA sampling
A
- DNA potentially present in bone and the dentine of teeth
- Not in enamel
- BUT decays rapidly in soil and potential for contamination
- Petrous portion of temporal bone
- Ear ossicles
- Tooth dentine
- Pathogen DNA
- Oral microbiome
8
Q
Case Study: DNA and identity
A
I literally don’t understand this so i will come back later to look at this agaiiin
