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Year 9 - Science > DNA and inheritance > Flashcards

DNA and inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What do most cells have?

A

A nucleus

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2
Q

Where are all chromosomes found?

A

The nucleus of the cell

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3
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Chromosomes are coiled up molecules called DNA

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3
Q

What is DNA?

A

A chemical made up of two long strands, arranged in a spiral.

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a short section of a chromosome

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4
Q

What do genes control?

A

Genes control many of our characteristics e.g hair colour, eye colour etc.

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5
Q

How do genes work?

A

genes work in pairs, one will be dominant over the other

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes

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7
Q

How many chromosomes do egg and sperm cells have?

A

23 each

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8
Q

What happens during reproduction?
How many matched pairs of chromosomes are there in normal cells?

A

23 pairs each

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9
Q

a) What happens during reproduction?

b)What does this mean?

A

a)the nucleus of the egg fuses with the nucleus of the sperm and becomes fertilised.
b)This means that the fertilised egg contains each of the chromosomes. It contains a copy of each gene

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10
Q

What do genes control?

A

characteristics ( something that makes you special)

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11
Q

What does the fertilised egg develops in to?

A

It develops into an embryo

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12
Q

What is heredity?

A

The process where genes are passed down from parent to child

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13
Q

Who were the first scientists to build a model of DNA?

A

Crick and Watson

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14
Q

Who were the other two scientists who helped them to understand the structure of DNA?

A

Wilkins and Franklin

15
Q

What is the structure of DNA called?

A

Double Helix

16
Q

What is a Double Helix?

A

A spiral made of two chains wrapped together

17
Q

How did they figure out the structure of DNA?

A

Using X-ray

18
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

19
Q

What are the 4 bases for DNA?

A

A+T, C+ G

20
Q

What is Lamarckism, Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

A

the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

21
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A mechanism of evolution

22
Q

The discovery of DNA

A

DNA was first identified in the late 1860s by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher

23
Q

Which girl took Photo 51

A

Rosalind Franklin

24
Q

Why do we differ from our parents ?

A

Each parent actually has two different sets of genes

25
Q

Examples of Natural Selection

A

Evolving long necks has enabled giraffes to feed on leaves that others can’t reach

Year 9 - Science (2 decks)

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