DNA and its Structure Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 2 main nucleotides
DNA AND RNA
What are the 3 RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
what does mRNA stand for
messenger RNA
What does tRNA stand for
Transfer RNA
What does rRNA stand for
ribosomal RNA
What are the 3 parts of the nucleotide structure
phosphate, sugar and base
what charge does the phosphate have
very strong negative charge (3 negative)
What does the negative charge of the phosphate decide
how DNA runs in a gel and activates or deactivates proteins
What sugar is in DNA
Deoxyribose sugar
What sugar is in RNA
Ribose
What are the 3 important carbons and what do they connect
1-sugar to base
3-sugar to next phosphate of the next nucleotide
5-phospate
how many bases and name them
1-thymine 2-adenine 3-cytosine 4-guanine 5-Uracil
what are the base pairs
T&A in DNA
A&U in RNA
G&C in both
why is it important we need lots of nitrogen
Our bases contain lots of nitrogen so need it to make DNA and RNA
Name the 2 bonds in the nucleotide
covalent and hydrogen
where is the hydrogen bond
connects the bases of each strand of DNA
where is the covalent bond
the sugar phosphate backbone
why is the covalent bonds stronger
when breaking the DNA you it to still stay intack at the sugar phosphate backbone otherwise the DNA will shatter. therefore the hydrogen bonds need to be weaker so enough energy can be applied to break these without destroying the covalent bond too
describe DNA structure
double stranded double helix with anti parallel strands
What does DNA do/used for
-forms the genetic code
-tell are cells how to behave
-controls what our cell does
controls when/how much of each protein we make
