DNA and Proteins

Question 0

Antibodies

Answer 0

Provide protection from disease

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Catalyze chemical reactions of metabolism

Question 2

Hemoglobin

Answer 2

Transports oxygen throughout the blood

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

Made up of 20 amino acids

Question 4

What does the protein arrangement determine?

Answer 4

Shape, size, and function

Question 5

What sequence does each protein have?

Answer 5

Specific amino acid sequence

Question 6

Where is sequence specificity stored?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

Genetic info in set of chromosomes

Question 8

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 8

Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and nitrogen base (ATCG)

Question 9

Rails in DNA include

Answer 9

Sugar and phosphate

Question 10

Rungs in DNA ladder include

Answer 10

Complementary base pairs

Question 11

DNA fingerprint IDs is intended for

Answer 11

Human remains
Matching parents and kids
Catching criminals
Seeing relationship between organisms–> evolution

Question 12

How is an individuals DNA isolated?

Answer 12

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP analysis)

Question 13

RFLP analysis process

Answer 13

1-isolate DNA from sample
2- cut into fragments using restriction enzymes
3-result is DNA fragment and sorted by size through gel electrophoresis

Question 14

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 14

Gels have water pores.

Electric current pulls negative charged DNA particles to positive charge end of plate

Question 15

DNA profile

Answer 15

DNA is turned into one fragment.
Fixed to nylon membrane.
Becomes visible when xrayed

Question 16

What happens when nucleotides are ordered differently?

Answer 16

Nucleotides carry different message. That are sent in codes (3 nucleotides at a time).

3nucleotides–>amino acid –>genetic code

Question 17

What directs protein synthesis?

Answer 17

DNA. But it does NOT make the protein. Directs the protein to synthesize somewhere else

Question 18

What are two steps to building a protein/protein synthesis?

Answer 18

Transcription and translation

Question 19

Transcription

Answer 19

DNA–>mRNA
Occurs in nucleus
Recipes in gene cookbook are copied

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

mRNA–>protein
Occurs in cytoplasm
Preparation of protein using amino acids

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

Single stranded
Only 1 base pair out of 4 is different
Bases are nitrogenous

Question 22

Where are proteins made in DNA recipe for proteins?

Answer 22

When mRNA comes out of nucleus and into ribosomes

Question 23

Codon

Answer 23

3 letter word

Question 24

Anticodon

Answer 24

3 letter label

Question 25

Effects of mutation

Answer 25

Mutation can substitute, insert, or delete base pair in DNA sequence. Causes physical, function, and behavior changes