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DNA and RNA Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

It contains all the instructions that an organism requires to develop, live, and reproduce

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

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2
Q

Biomolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorus.

A

Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

Nucleotide is consists of three groups namely

A
  • Phosphate Group
  • Pentose Sugar Group
  • Nitrogenous Bases
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5
Q

Where is a DNA usually located?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What is the shape of a DNA

A

Double-helix

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7
Q

It transfers information from the DNA to the ribosomes by carrying the protein recipe. It is single-stranded and is found mainly in cytoplasm.

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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8
Q

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a DNA?

A
  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Guamine (G)
  • Cytosine (C)
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9
Q

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a RNA?

A
  • Adenine
  • Uracil
  • Guamine
  • Cytosine
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10
Q

Nucleotides are held by the covalent bonds called ________ between the sugar of one nucleotide & the phosphate of another.

A

Phosphodiester Bonds

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11
Q

Two types of nucleic acid

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • Ribonucleic Acid
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12
Q

How many strands is DNA made up of?

A

2

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13
Q

How is the RNA powered?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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14
Q

What is the sugar present in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

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15
Q

What is the sugar present in RNA?

A

Ribose (C5H1005)

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16
Q

What is the division of cells?

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

This is the process of making proteins.

A

Protein Synthesis

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18
Q

This is the type of RNA that carries genetic codes from DNA to ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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19
Q

This is the type of RNA that is consists of 80% of total RNA in the body and is found in ribosome

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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20
Q

It transfers amino acids during protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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21
Q

It is the element that glues the nitrogenous bases together. It also breaks because of high temperature.

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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22
Q

It is the process where DNA molecules are produced. It is semi-conservative because one of the strands of DNA in each of the two copies of DNA is ancient and conserved while the other is newly produced at the moment of replication.

A

DNA Replication

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23
Q

True or False. DNA replication happens before mitosis.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

These are the molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reaction. It is a requirement so that you can do something to a DNA.

A

Enzymes

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25
It is the unzipping enzyme. It unzips/separate the double-helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases
Helicase
26
It is the place where the DNA strands separate from each other
Replication Fork
27
It is the initializer or the starting point of DNA Replication. It is an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequence called primers.
Primase
28
It is the builder enzyme. It also replicates the DNA to build a new strand.
DNA Polymerase
29
It produces new DNA strands in 5' to 3'
DNA Polymerase III
30
True or False. 2 DNA strands are anti-parallel.
True (5’ to 3’, 3’ to 5’)
31
It fills the gap between Okazaki Fragments
DNA Polymerase I
32
It is the DNA that was made at lacking strand
Okazaki Fragment
33
It is the strand that is made continuously
Leading Strand
34
It is the strand that contains the Okazaki Fragment
Lacking Strand
35
It is the gluer. It connects two strands of DNA together.
Ligase
36
Steps in DNA Replication
Helicase: Unzips Primase: Creates a primer DNA Polymerase III: Creates a new strand from 5' to 3' Exonuclease: Removes the primer DNA Polymerase I: Fills the gap between lacking strand Ligase: Seals the DNA
37
It is an enzyme that removes the primer produced by primase
Exonuclease
38
It is the process where the mismatched nucleotides in the complementary paired DNA strand is corrected
Mismatch Repair
39
It is the process where a region of DNA is converted into mRNA
DNA Transcription
40
What does the RNA polymerase do in DNA transcription?
Initiation/Unzip the DNA: With the help of transcription factors, binds to the promoter & pries the 2 strands apart Elongation: RNA synthesis along the gene Termination: As it zips up the DNA, the enzyme detaches from the gene & the DNA returns to its original state.
41
What nitrogenous base will no longer exist in the process of RNA Transcription?
Thymine
42
What will replace the nitrogenous base that will no longer exist in the process of RNA Transcription?
Uracil
43
What is the orientation of the product (mRNA) in RNA Transcription?
5' to 3'
44
What is the orientation of the template in RNA Transcription?
3' to 5'
45
It is the strand that is the one that RNA polymerase uses as the basis to build the RNA
Template Strand
46
It is the strand that has the identical sequence of the RNA (except for the substituion of U for T)
Nontemplate Strand
47
It is a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Polypeptide
48
It is the process that produces protein
RNA Translation
49
The collective process by which the genetic code is read by enzymes in order to produce the proteins in an organism.
RNA Transcription and RNA Translation
50
What is the main working factor in RNA Transcription
RNA Polymerase
51
Parts of a chromosome that code for many things.
Genes
52
Where does the RNA Translation usually occur?
Ribosome
53
It is a sequence of three-consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Codon
54
It is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA which is complementary to a corresponding codon in mRNA sequence
Anticodon
55
What will be produced when a gene is expressed?
Protein
56
It is a process where a gene is expressed
Gene Expression
57
True or False. RNA polymerase doesn’t need primers to start with elongation.
True
58
It is a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated
Promoter
59
Gene expression will result to
Protein
60
What type of RNA produces amino acids which will then result to protein?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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