D.N.A and R.N.A

Question 0

Nucleic acid

Answer 0

Nucleic acids are polymeric macromolecules, or large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, are made from monomers known as nucleotides.

Question 1

Universal code

Answer 1

In data compression, a universal code for integers is a prefix code that maps the positive integers onto binary codewords

Question 2

Replication

Answer 2

The act of replicating

Question 3

Replication fork

Answer 3

DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance.

Question 4

Helicase

Answer 4

Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. Their main function is to unpackage an organism’s genes.

Question 5

Polymerase

Answer 5

A polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes polymers of nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA or RNA template strand using base-pairing interactions.

Question 6

Protein synthesis

Answer 6

Protein biosynthesis refers to the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. It is part of the process of gene expression.

Question 9

Transcription

Answer 9

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Question 10

Termination signal

Answer 10

A termination signal is found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA. It is needed because only parts of the chromosome are transcribed.

Question 11

Anticodon

Answer 11

A Transfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 73 to 94 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Question 12

Operator

Answer 12

In genetics, an operator is a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein binds. It is classically defined in the lac operon as a segment between the promoter and the genes of the operon.

Question 13

Promoter

Answer 13

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA.

Question 14

Exons

Answer 14

any nucleotide sequence encoded by a gene that remains present within the final mature RNA product of that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.

Question 15

Introns

Answer 15

Left over RNA strands

Question 16

Point mutation

Answer 16

A point mutation, or single base substitution, is a type of mutation that causes the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide of the genetic material, DNA or RNA.

Question 17

Frameshift

Answer 17

a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three

Question 18

Substitution

Answer 18

A type of point mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with (or exchanged for) a different nucleotide that may result in an altered sequence of amino acid during translation, which may render the newly synthesized protein ineffective.

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

A change of genetic codes

Question 20

Insertion

Answer 20

In genetics, an insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping.

Question 21

Deletion

Answer 21

A mutation where a chromosome is deleted

Question 22

Mutagen

Answer 22

In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Ribonucleic acid

Question 26

M RNA

Answer 26

Messenger RNA

Question 27

rRNA

Answer 27

Ribosomal RNA

Question 28

tRNA

Answer 28

Transfer RNA

Question 29

Uracil

Answer 29

Uracil is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

Ribose is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, a monosaccharide with linear form H−−(CHOH)4−H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. The term may refer to either of two enantiomers.

Question 31

Double helix

Answer 31

Ribose is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, a monosaccharide with linear form H−−(CHOH)4−H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. The term may refer to either of two enantiomers.

Question 32

Phosphate

Answer 32

A phosphate as an inorganic chemical is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid.

Question 33

Nitrogen base

Answer 33

A phosphate as an inorganic chemical is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid.

Question 34

Thymine

Answer 34

one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.

Question 35

Deoxyribose

Answer 35

one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.

Question 36

Guanine

Answer 36

one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.

Question 37

Adenine

Answer 37

one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.

Question 38

Hydrogen bond

Answer 38

A weak bond between bases

Question 39

Complementary

Answer 39

expressing a compliment; praising or approving.

Question 40

Covalent bond

Answer 40

Strong bond between phosphate bases

Question 41

Pyrimidine

Answer 41

Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines, it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. The other diazines are pyrazine and pyridazine.

Question 42

Purine

Answer 42

A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.