DNA and RNA Study Guide

Question 1

What do the letters DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

Guanine, cytosine, thymine, and ________________ are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.

Answer 2

adenine

Question 3

In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with __________.

Answer 3

cytosine

Question 4

In DNA, adenine always forms hydrogen bonds with __________.

Answer 4

thymine

Question 5

The process of _______________ produces a new copy of an organism’s genetic information, which is passed on to a new cell.

Answer 5

DNA replication

Question 6

The double coiled, “staircase” shape of DNA is called a

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

in the nucleus

Question 8

What is the first step in the process if DNA replication?

Answer 8

Helicase comes in and unzips the helix by breaking hydrogen bonds.

Question 9

What enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA double helix?

Answer 9

helicase

Question 10

What enzyme is responsible for bonding the nucleotides in a new DNA molecule?

Answer 10

DNA Polymerase

Question 11

If the sequence of one single strand of DNA is C-G-A-G-T-A-A-G-C-T, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Answer 11

G-C-T-C-A-T-T-C-G-A

Question 12

If 24% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine, A?

Answer 12

24%

Question 13

If 40% of a DNA sample is made up of cytosine, C, what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine, A?

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

Number the steps below in order to describe the replication of DNA in a cell.

• Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form.
• Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break.
• Stands of DNA separate.
• Free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA.

Answer 14

• Step 4
• Step 1
• Step 2
• Step 3

Question 15

Match the nitrogenous base to its pair.
G
A
T
C

Answer 15

C
T
A
G

Question 16

Central Dogma - Describe the process for DNA to become Protein?

Answer 16

DNA → transcription → RNA → translation → Amino Acid → Protein

Question 17

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 17

Carries copies of instructions to ribosomes.

Question 18

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 18

Molecules that put proteins together into codons.

Question 19

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 19

Brings the correct amino acid into the ribosome.

Question 20

Based on its name, what type of organic compound is DNA?

Answer 20

Nucleic Acid

Question 21

Put the following terms in order of DECREASING size

Terms: DNA, Cell, Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Base

Answer 21

Cell –> Nucleus –> Chromosome –> DNA –> Gene –> Base

Question 22

What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase?

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

What is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?

Answer 23

Separates the strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds.

Question 24

Do all organisms have DNA?

Answer 24

Yes.

Question 25

If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine, A?

Answer 25

15% Chargaff's Rule Adenine bonds with thymine

Question 26

If 22% of a DNA sample is made up of cytosine, C, what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine, A?

Answer 26

28%

Question 27

Who are the 2 male scientists that came up with the shape of DNA? (double helix)

Answer 27

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 28

Which female scientist used X-Rays to see the shape of DNA?

Answer 28

Rosalind Franklin.

Question 29

Label the three parts of a nucleotide:

Answer 29

Phosphate group Sugar Nitrogen Base

Question 30

What are the 3 main functions of DNA?

Answer 30

Stores Information Copying Information Transmit Information

Question 31

In RNA: A pairs with C pairs with

Answer 31

U G

Question 32

During DNA replication: A binds with C binds with

Answer 32

T G

Question 33

What sugar does RNA have?

Answer 33

Ribose sugar

Question 34

What are between the nitrogenous bases holding both strands together?

Answer 34

Hydrogen bonds

Question 35

Is DNA double stranded or single stranded?

Answer 35

Double stranded

Question 36

Is RNA double stranded or single stranded?

Answer 36

single stranded

Question 37

What are the 3 Kinds of RNA?

Answer 37

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Question 38

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 38

Carries copies of instructions to ribosomes.

Question 39

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 39

Molecules that put proteins together into codons.

Question 40

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 40

Brings the correct amino acid into the ribosome.

Question 41

How many bases (letters) make up a codon?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

What is made in transcription?

Answer 42

The genetic code is copied (transcribed) onto mRNA.

Question 43

What is made in translation?

Answer 43

mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes where the code is translated into a specific amino acid sequence for proteins. a protein, or a polypeptide, which is a chain of amino acids.

Question 44

Where does transcription take place in the cell?

Answer 44

Nucleus

Question 45

Where does translation take place in the cell?

Answer 45

Ribosome

Question 46

How many amino acids would be made from UAC CCG GAU?

Answer 46

3 because one codon makes one amino acid and there are 3 codons there

Question 47

What happens in an insertion and deletion mutation? Is it frameshift or substitution?

Answer 47

Insertion: adds new/extra nitrogen base to DNA sequence Deletion: removes nitrogen base from DNA sequence BOTH ARE FRAMESHIFT

Question 48

tRNA also brings

Answer 48

anti codons

Question 49

If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it's called

Answer 49

a SILENT mutation

Question 50

If a substitution changes the amino acid to a "stop," it's called

Answer 50

a NONSENSE mutation

Question 51

If a substitution changes the amino acid, it's called

Answer 51

a MISSENSE mutation