DNA and species

Question 1

What is a way to describe DNA in two words

Answer 1

Double helix

Question 2

What are the four bases

Answer 2

A,TG and C

Question 3

Which base goes with T

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which base goes with G

Answer 4

C

Question 5

What does the four bases create on the double helix

Answer 5

A rung

Question 6

What are the rungs connected by

Answer 6

Two spines

Question 7

What molecule is responsible for inheritance of characteristics?

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

Where in the cell will you find this molecule?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

What is this molecule made of?

Answer 9

Nucleotides

Question 10

What is a genes function?

Answer 10

They are a set of instructions of the person’s behaviour and traits.

Question 11

Name the two cells that fuse at fertilisation

Answer 11

Egg and sperm

Question 12

How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a human gamete cell

Answer 12

46

Question 13

What word is used to describe these cells because of this?

Answer 13

Multicellular

Question 14

How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a normal human body cell?

Answer 14

23

Question 15

How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a normal human body cell?

Answer 15

Multicellular

Question 16

What two chromosomes are responsible for genetic gender

Answer 16

X and Y

Question 17

What combination of these two chromosomes would you expect in a female

Answer 17

XX

Question 18

What combination of these two chromosomes would you expect in a male

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

Name the two types of cell division and say when they occur

Answer 19

Mitosis- Making new body cells and occurs when more body cells are needed.
Meiosis- When a single cell divides into four then these are the sex cells

Question 20

Explain why you have similarities to your parents, but you are not identical to them.

Answer 20

You get half of your genetic information from your mother and half from your father so you inherit features from both parents meaning you could not be identical to one of them.

Question 21

Why do identical twins look identical?

Answer 21

Identical twins come from the same zygote but split in half meaning they both have the same genes.

Question 22

Define drug

Answer 22

A medicine of substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or introduced to the body.

Question 23

Define addiction

Answer 23

Compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance

Question 24

Define reaction time

Answer 24

The length of time taken for a person’s system to respond to a given stimulus or event.

Question 25

Define cancer

Answer 25

An abnormal growth of cells which tend to increase rapidly in an uncontrollable way

Question 26

Define carcinogen

Answer 26

Agents capable of initiating the development of tumors and causing cancer.

Question 27

Suggest why people still smoke despite the harm it can cause them.

Answer 27

People still smoke because it becomes addictive so they find it very hard to give up once they have started.

Question 28

Describe the short term effects of alcohol abuse

Answer 28

Slowed reaction time, reduces speed of pumping blood, opens up blood vessels, makes you feel warm, urinate more, extra fat in the liver

Question 29

Describe the long term effects of alcohol abuse

Answer 29

Cancer, liver cells can die from too much fat, have a red nose from open blood vessels, death, heart disease/attack

Question 30

Alcohol is a depressant. Describe the effect that alcohol might have on reaction time.

Answer 30

Alcohol causes the nervous system to carry impulses slower. This slows the reaction time and can cause brain damage.

Question 31

Caffeine is a stimulant. Describe the effect that caffeine might have on reaction time

Answer 31

Caffeine causes the nervous system to carry impulses faster. This increases reaction time.

Question 32

Describe a test you might carry out to find someone's reaction time.

Answer 32

You could have a button to press when a sound goes off and the button times the reaction time of pressing the button.

Question 33

Name the 5 kingdoms and state their key features

Answer 33

Fungi- Has a nucleus and cell wall is multicellular and unicellular (yeast) Protoctista- Has a nucleus and cell wall some are multicellular but most are unicellular Plants- Has a nucleus and cell wall is multicellular Animals- Has a nucleus and no cell wall is multicellular Prokaryotes Has no nucleus and no cell wall and is unicellular