DNA and the Genome Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)
What are the four bases found in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
Which bases pair together in DNA?
A with T, C with G
What is the structure of DNA called?
A double helix
What does it mean when we say DNA strands are “antiparallel”?
The two strands run in opposite directions (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’)
Where is DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus, packaged into chromosomes
When does DNA replication occur?
Before cell division (during interphase)
What does “semi-conservative” replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand
What enzyme unzips the DNA strands during replication?
DNA helicase
What enzyme adds complementary nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the function of a primer in DNA replication?
It provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin adding nucleotides
What enzyme adds primers during replication?
Primase
What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands?
The leading strand is replicated continuously, the lagging strand in short fragments
What are Okazaki fragments?
Short DNA segments made on the lagging strand during replication
