DNA and the production of proteins

Question 1

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 1

double-stranded helix held by complementary base pairs

Question 2

what does DNA carry?

Answer 2

DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins

Question 3

what four bases make up the genetic code?

Answer 3

adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine

DONT SPELL IT WRONG OR YOULL LOSE MARKS

Question 4

describe the complementary base pairing rule

Answer 4

Adenine paired with Thymine
Cytosine paired with Guanine

Question 5

what does the DNA base sequence determine

Answer 5

the amino acid sequence in proteins

Question 6

what is a gene

Answer 6

a section of DNA which codes for a protein, located on the chromosomes

Question 7

describe chromosomes
how many in a typical human cell

Answer 7

Chromosomes are located in nucleus and contain genetic information.
in typical human cell there’s 46 chromosomes

Question 8

what human cells DONT have 46 chromosomes

Answer 8

gametes have 23 chromosomes and mature red blood cells have no chromosomes

Question 9

what is DNA made up of?

Answer 9

repeating units called nucleotides
each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, phosphate, and one of 4 different bases (T, A, G, C)

Question 10

what is the type of bond between sugar and phosphate in the backbone of DNA

Answer 10

covalent bond

Question 11

___ bonds form between complementary base pairs in DNA

Answer 11

weak hydrogen bonds

Question 12

what is messenger RNA

Answer 12

mRNA is a molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus,

to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids

Question 13

where is the protein assembled from amino acids

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

which elements make up proteins (4)

Answer 14

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 15

how can messenger RNA (mRNA) carry a complementary copy of genetic code from DNA to ribosome?

Answer 15

because of the complementary base pairing

Question 16

what does transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

Answer 16

carries amino acids to ribosomes where they are temporarily matched up to the complementary triplet of bases on the mRNA

Question 17

Each protein is different because _______. It is the order ____ on the _____ that will determine the order of these amino acids.

Answer 17

Each protein is different because it HAS AMINO ACIDS IN A DIFFERENT ORDER. It is the order OF BASES on the DNA MOLECULE that will determine the order of these amino acids.