DNA & Cell Division

Question 1

DNA Packaging

Answer 1

~3 billion base pairs
Each cell has ~2 meters of DNA
Long strands→wrapped around histones(proteins) to form chromosomes

Question 2

Nucleotide Structure

Answer 2

Phosphate
Sugar
Base

Question 3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 4

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 5

Ribose

Question 6

Deoxyribose

Question 7

Base Pairing

Answer 7

T-A
C-G

Question 8

Protein Synthesis Workflow

Answer 8

1. DNA- record
2. mRNA- copies
3. Protein

Question 9

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 9

encodes proteins

Question 10

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 10

carries amino acids

Question 11

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 11

forms part of ribosome structure

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

makes an mRNA copy of DNA (RNA polymerase)

Question 13

Translation

Answer 13

creates polypeptides from mRNA, ribosomes read mRNA and translate it to amino acids

Question 14

Codons

Answer 14

3 Nucleobases
-code for a specific amino acid

Question 15

Central Dogma

Answer 15

DNA (transcription)→mRNA (translation) →polypeptide

Question 16

Mitosis

Answer 16

somatic cells; IPMAT (fastest stage in the cell cycle)

Question 17

Interphase

Answer 17

replicates DNA in preparation for mitosis, performs regular cell functions

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

paired and condensed chromatids visible, nuclear envelope disappears

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle, align in the middle of the cell

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

chromosomes move to opposite poles, away from center

Question 21

Telophase

Answer 21

cleavage furrow, nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

produces TWO genetically identical daughter cells

Question 23

Meiosis

Question 24

G1

Question 25

S

Question 26

G2

Question 27

M

Question 28

G0