DNA day 3 1B part 1

Question 1

Nucleic Acids +ex(3)

Answer 1

consist of equal parts pentose sugar, Nitrogenous base, phosphate

made of long strands of nucleotides

Ex: DNA, RNA

Question 2

2 types of sugars( each for what? )2)

Answer 2

ribose=RNA
Deoxyribose=DNA

Question 3

monomer of nuleic acid

Answer 3

nucleotide

Question 4

Difference between ribose and deoxyribose and what each have at the yk part (2)

Answer 4

the 5 carbon sugar in DNA is similar to RNA but DNA lacks a oxygen at the 2’ carbon

The two sugar only differ in the type of chemical group bound to the 2’ carbon. Hydroxl in ribose and hydrogen on deoxyribose

Question 5

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 5

ACTG

Question 6

Nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 6

ACGU

Question 7

Purine +size/shape(2)

Answer 7

Adenine and Guanine

Double ringed

Question 8

Pyrimidine+ size/shape (2)

Answer 8

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

single ring, smaller then purine

Question 9

The DNA base that pairs with each other are not at cg

Answer 9

similar in shape/size

Question 10

where does the sugar binds for purine?+ start counting N1 as

(3)

Answer 10

N9

at the NH

the one after the h2N group

Question 11

where does the sugar binds for pyrimidine (2)

Answer 11

N1

NH

Question 12

The difference between Thymine and Uracil

Answer 12

Thymine has an extra methyl group CH3 then Uracil

Question 13

which base have nh2

Answer 13

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 14

Nucleosides

Answer 14

pentose sugar and base

Question 15

Which base has double bond O?

Answer 15

Thymine, Guanine, Uracil, cytosine

everyone except adenine

Question 16

deoxyribonucleosides(2)

Answer 16

deoxyribose sugar +purine/pyrimidine base
no phosphate

Question 17

Where does the sugar and base bind?

So they connect… (2)

Answer 17

base binds to c1 of deoxyribose and ribose

Conmect at c1 of sugar and N9 purine base or N1 Pyrimidine base

Question 18

Deoxycytidine is

Answer 18

deoxyribose pentose sugar+ cytosine

Question 19

Adenisine is
+ interesting diff between it and deoxyadenosine

(2)

Answer 19

Adeisine+ ribose sugar

**extra O at the c2 area of sugar

Question 20

Nucleotides are (2)

Answer 20

Nucleosides+phosphate

building block of DNA

Question 21

How is Phosphate group attached to the ribose and deoxyribose of the sugar

Answer 21

Phosphate group is attached to the Carbon 5 of the sugar and the 3’ of the adjacent nucleotide

Question 22

DNA (3)

basic unit etc

charge related (2)

Answer 22

A polymer of deoxyribonucleotides

polar molecule

Negatively charged due to phosphate in the backbone

Question 23

So how does nucleotides connect in a strand? + act that bond(3)

Answer 23

via phosphodiester bonds (COPOC)

covalent bonds

The phosphodiester bond forms between the phosphate and the c3’ of one pentose sugar and the c5’ of the other

Question 24

How many hydrogen bonds between AT?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How many hydrogen bonds between CG?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Chargaff's Rule (4)

Answer 26

1. %purines (Adenine+Guanine)=%pyrimidine (Cytosine+thymine) 2. C+G =/ A+T 3. ACGT are not present in equal amounts 4. A=T C=G

Question 27

Watson and Crick after stealing Rosalind's work concluded that (4)

Answer 27

1. The two strands of the phosphate -pentose backbone spiraled as a double helix about a common axis 2. The two strands run antiparallel (one strand is in the 5'-3' while the other is 3'-5') 3. A purine on one strand is always paired with a pyrimidine 4. Backbone exterior is hydrophilic and the bases interior was hydrophobic

Question 28

what keeps the base intact?

Answer 28

hydrogen bonding

Question 29

5' is identified by

Answer 29

phosphate group

Question 30

3' is identified by

Answer 30

hydroxl group OH

Question 31

what is the diff btwn h bond and phosphodiester bonds USE KEY WORDS DA (2)

Answer 31

H bond keeps the two DNA strands tgt in a double helix phosphodiester bond keeps the deoxyribonucleotide in a single strand

Question 32

how to seperate the DNA strand? (2)

Answer 32

add a base/ akaline heat it up

Question 33

How to reform two DNA molecule tgt? (2) +whats the rule before it can come tgt? (1)

Answer 33

Cool slowly or add acid It has to be complementary for it to reform

Question 34

Complementary base pairings allows parental strands to act as

Answer 34

templates DNA replication of new strands

Question 35

How do you unwind a parental strand?

Answer 35

By breaking the H bond

Question 36

Semi conservative replication

Answer 36

The double helix contain a parental strand a newly synthesized strand