DNA - Deoxyribosenucleic Acid Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the full names of A T C G?
Adenosine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
What is the monomer of the polymer DNA?
Nucleotides
Which carbon atoms do phosphate groups link to?
Carbon atoms 3 or 5
What attaches to the carbon atom 1?
Nitrogenous base
The two strands of DNA run opposite to each other what is this called?
They run antiparallel
How many phosphate groups are in ATP?
Three
How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenosine and thymine?
Two
Which two nucleotides have one ring?
Thymine
Cytosine
What is the name of the protein that DNA is tightly wound around?
Histone
What are phosphorylated nucleotides?
When they contain more than one phosphate group e.g. ATP, ADP.
What is a polynucleotide?
A polymer containing many nucleotides.
Nucleotides are components of coenzymes such as…
NADP, NAD, Coenzyme A and FAD
What does DNA carry?
The hereditary material and carries coded instructions responsible for development and function of all living organisms.
What does each nucleotide consist of?
A phosphate group
A five carbon sugar called deoxyribose
One of the four nitrogenous bases.
What is the covalent bond between the sugar residue and the phosphate group called?
A phosphodiester bond.
How many rings do purines and pyramadines have?
Two and three respectively.
When adenine pairs with thymine how many hydrogen bonds are there between them?
Two
When guanine pairs with cytosine how many Hydrogen bonds are there?
Three
True or false. Purines always pair with each other.
False. Pyramadines and purines always pair with each other to give equal sized rungs on the DNA ladder.
What dot he hydrogen bonds allow?
The molecules to unzip during transcription and translation/replication.
How is DNA organised in eukaryotic cells?
Majority of the DNA content is in the nucleus.
Each strand of DNA is wound round histone proteins.
There is a loop of DNA inside the mitochondria which is not wound around a histone protein.
how is DNA organised in prokaryotic cells?
DNA is in a loop in the cytoplasm, not enclosed in a nucleus.
Not wound around a histone protein and is described as being naked.
