DNA: Genetics Flashcards
(16 cards)
Semiconservative Replication
Method of DNA replication in which parental strands, seperate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules
RNA
Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis
Messenger RNA
Type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA
Type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes
Transfer RNA
Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome
RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
Transcription
Process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA
Introns
In RNA processing, the intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
Exons
In RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
Codon
Three-base code in DNA or RNA
Translation
Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribsone and a protein is assembled
Gene Regulation
Ability of an organsim to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
Operon
Section of the DNA containing the genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway- consists of an operator, promoter, refulatory gene, and genes coding for proteins.
Mutation
Permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes
Mutagen
Substance, such as a chemical, that causes mutations
