DNA Isolation Flashcards
(20 cards)
method to purify DNA by using physical and/or chemical methods from a sample separating DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components
DNa extraction
who did DNA isolation for the first time
Friedrich Miescher
The use of DNA __ ___ lead to the efficient extraction with good quantity and quality of DNA which is pure and devoid of contaminants such sa RNA and proteins
isolation technique
can be used for DNA extraction
blood
body fluids
direct fine needle aspiration (FNAC) aspirate
formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues
DNA extraction involves __ the cells and solubizing the DNA
lysing
DNA extraction techniques include __ (phenol-chloroform method)
organic extraction
DNA extraction techniques include __ (salting out and proteinase K treatment)
nonorganic method
DNA extraction techniques include __ (silica gel membrane)
adsorption method
materials used for DNA isolation
distilled bottled water
gatorade (Blue)
detergent (joy-blue)
95% ethanol
plastic cups
test tube with screw
beaker
what is first swished around in the mouth for 1-2 minutes
blue gatorade
5 mL of spitted gatorade is placed in a test tube with screw, and __ drops of ___ is added
2 drops of dishwashing detergent
what is the detergent’s role in DNA extraction
It contains surfactants that help break down lipids and proteins, particularly useful in DNA extraction. It disrupts cell membranes, allowing DNA to be released.
what is the role of the gatorade in the extraction of DNA?
This is an electrolyte-rich drink with salts, sugars, and artificial coloring. If you’re using it in an experiment, the salts can help stabilize DNA once it’s released from the cells.
what is added to the tube after it was inverted and let stand for 2 minutes
95% cold ethanol
disrupts the hydration shell around DNA molecules, causing them to clump together and become visible as white, stringy precipitates.
95% ETHANOL
rationale of adding detergent?
like dish soap or SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), are used for cell lysis—breaking open cells to release DNA.
detergents action in the cell
Disrupting Cell Membranes – Detergents dissolve lipids in the phospholipid bilayer, allowing intracellular components to spill out.
Denaturing Proteins – They help in breaking down proteins that could otherwise interfere with DNA purity.
Emulsifying Lipids – This prevents clumping and improves DNA extraction efficiency.
is critical for DNA precipitation—separating DNA from solution.
ethanol
rationale of ethyl alcohol
Reducing DNA Solubility – Ethanol disrupts the hydration shell around DNA molecules, causing them to aggregate.
Enhancing Precipitation Efficiency – Cold temperatures minimize enzymatic degradation and improve DNA yield.
Facilitating DNA Visibility – When properly chilled, ethanol causes DNA to form visible white strands or clumps.
why is DNA useful to science
Genetics & Heredity – Understanding DNA helped scientists decode how traits are inherited, paving the way for advancements in genetic engineering, disease research, and evolutionary studies.
Medicine & Biotechnology – DNA research has led to personalized medicine, gene therapies, and targeted treatments for genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Forensic Science – DNA fingerprinting revolutionized criminal investigations, enabling accurate identification and solving cold cases.
Agriculture & Food Science – Genetic modification of crops improves yield, resistance to pests, and nutritional value, contributing to global food security.
Evolution & Ecology – DNA sequencing allows researchers to trace evolutionary histories, analyze biodiversity, and study adaptations in different species.
Microbiology & Synthetic Biology – DNA manipulation enables scientists to engineer microbes for applications in bioremediation, biofuel production, and environmental sustainability.
