dna mechanisms Flashcards
(14 cards)
what is the other name for dna replication?
semi conservative replication
what does the dna helicase break and do?
breaks hydrogen bonds between the bases in the helix, unwinding the dna, exposing unpaired bases
what does the dna polymerase do?
forms bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the new strand of dna being formed
what are the two processes of protein synthesis?
-transcription
-translation
what does rna polymerase do?
links the template strands of dna, inserting mrna nucleotides one at a time
what happens at the end of transcription?
there is a stop codon where rna polymerase leaves dna
how many attachment sites does ribosomes have?
-trna (larger sub unit)
-mrna (smaller sub unit)
what does trna molecule carry?
a specific amino acid
what does the ribosome bind to?
the start codon on the mrna
what does the trna molecules bind to?
the ribosome through codon-anticodon interactions
what bond is formed between the two amino acids?
peptide bonds
how does the ribosome move along the mrna?
one codon at a time, this continues until stop codon is reached
what is the ‘one gene one protein’ hypothesis?
the genetic code is a linear, triplet, non-overlapping, degenerate, unambiguous, universal code for the production of polypeptides
how is amino acids coded?
by triplets of bases in the dna
