Dna, Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

True or False: DNA is double-stranded.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the building blocks of DNA called?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, _____, and guanine.

Answer 4

cytosine

Question 5

What shape does DNA form?

Answer 5

Double helix

Question 6

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 6

To store genetic information

Question 7

Which process converts DNA into RNA?

Answer 7

Transcription

Question 8

True or False: RNA is typically single-stranded.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 9

Messenger RNA

Question 10

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

To transport amino acids to the ribosome

Question 11

In which part of the cell does translation occur?

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from mRNA?

Answer 12

Translation

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of _____ in mRNA.

Answer 13

codons

Question 14

What type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide?

Answer 14

Point mutation

Question 15

True or False: Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which type of mutation results in a frameshift?

Answer 16

Insertion or deletion mutation

Question 17

What is the term for a mutation that does not affect the protein produced?

Answer 17

Silent mutation

Question 18

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Answer 18

To synthesize new DNA strands

Question 19

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 19

Transcription and translation

Question 20

What is the genetic code?

Answer 20

The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The start codon is _____.

Answer 21

AUG

Question 22

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 22

To synthesize proteins

Question 23

True or False: All mutations lead to changes in protein function.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Answer 24

A mutation that affects the structure or number of chromosomes

Question 25

What is an example of a mutation that can occur in DNA?

Answer 25

Substitution, insertion, or deletion

Question 26

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Answer 26

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The three-letter sequences in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids are called _____.

Answer 27

codons

Question 28

What is the term for the complete set of genes in an organism?

Answer 28

Genome

Question 29

True or False: All cells in an organism have the same DNA.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the significance of mutations in evolution?

Answer 30

They create genetic variation that can lead to adaptation

Question 31

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 31

DNA and RNA

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The sugar in RNA is _____ instead of deoxyribose.

Answer 32

ribose

Question 33

What is the function of the promoter region in DNA?

Answer 33

To initiate transcription

Question 34

What are the two types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 34

mRNA and tRNA

Question 35

What is the end product of translation?

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Mutations can be caused by environmental factors called _____ agents.

Answer 36

mutagenic

Question 37

What is the function of spliceosomes during RNA processing?

Answer 37

To remove introns from pre-mRNA