DNA Replication

Question 1

translation

Answer 1

a process in which the order of bases in mRNA codes for the order of amino acids in a protein

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

a process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand (similar to DNA replication)

Question 3

replication

Answer 3

a process in which DNA is copied

Question 4

purines

Answer 4

double-ring bases

adenine and guanine

Question 5

pyrimidines

Answer 5

single-ring bases

thymine and cytosine

Question 6

shape of DNA

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 7

type of RNA that carries information from DNA out into the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 8

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 8

type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes to be assembled into proteins

Question 9

ribosomal (rRNA)

Answer 9

type of RNA that composes ribosomes

Question 10

what does DNA stand for

Answer 10

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

what are the monomers of DNA

Answer 11

nucleotides

Question 12

codon

Answer 12

set of three nitrogen bases in mRNA which represent an amino acid (64 types)

Question 13

four different bases (DNA & RNA)

Answer 13

DNA - adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine

RNA - adenine, cytosine, uracil, guanine

Question 14

parts of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 14

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen bases

Question 15

weak hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

bonds that pair up nitrogen bases

Question 16

how many start codons are there

Answer 16

1

Question 17

how many stop codons are there

Answer 17

3

Question 18

how many types of amino acids are there

Answer 18

20

Question 19

what are genes composed of

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

base pairing:

ATGGCCATGTCA

Answer 20

TACCGGTACAGT

Question 21

amino acids

Answer 21

building blocks of proteins

Question 22

anticodon

Answer 22

a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds with a corresponding mRNA sequence

Question 23

nucleotides (DNA & RNA)

Answer 23

DNA - phosphate grp., nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C), deoxyribose sugar

RNA - phosphate grp., ribose sugar, nitrogen bases (A, U, C, G)

Question 24

watson and crick

Answer 24

two scientists that discovered that DNA is in the shape of a double helix

Question 25

covalent bonds

Answer 25

bonds that hold together the backbone of DNA (3'-5')

Question 26

point mutation

Answer 26

error in DNA that changes a single base

Question 27

frameshift mutation

Answer 27

error in DNA that adds or deletes a single base

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

Question 29

monosomy

Answer 29

lacking a chromosome (45 instead of 46)

Question 30

trisomy

Answer 30

having an extra chromosome (downs syndrome) (47 instead of 46)

Question 31

triploidy

Answer 31

having an additional set of chromosomes (69 instead of 46)

Question 32

deletion

Answer 32

part of a chromosome is left out

Question 33

insertion

Answer 33

part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to a sister chromatid. the result is a duplication of genes on a single chromosome.

Question 34

inversion

Answer 34

part of a chromosome breaks and is reinserted backwards

Question 35

translocation

Answer 35

one part of a chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome

Question 36

translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion are examples of...

Answer 36

chromosomal mutations

Question 37

methionine

Answer 37

start codon

Question 38

helicase

Answer 38

unzips DNA

Question 39

licase

Answer 39

glues okazaki fragments

Question 40

polymerase

Answer 40

lays down free bases

Question 41

proteins

Answer 41

made up of amino acids

Question 42

okazaki fragments

Answer 42

pieces of DNA found on the lagging strand

Question 43

lagging strand

Answer 43

fragments, 5' - 3' away from the fork

Question 44

leading strand

Answer 44

continuously, 5' - 3' towards the fork