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DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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2
Q

Purine

A

Adenine
Guanine

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3
Q

Base + sugar (via glycosidic bond)

A

Nucleoside

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4
Q

Base + Sugar + Phosphate

A

Nuclotides

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5
Q
  • Nucleic acid synthesis: DNA/RNA
  • Energy currency of cell (ATP)
  • Second messengers in cellular communication (G-protein)
  • Ingredients of co-enzymes
  • Regulators of metabolic reactions
A

Functions of nucleotides

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6
Q

Using ribose-1-p-lase to remove phosphate → Xanine oxidase to remove oxidase to become

A

Uric acid

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7
Q

AMP removes phosphate → adenosine will remove nitrogens using adenosine deaminase → _______

A

Becomes inosine

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8
Q

AMP removes phosphate → adenosine will remove nitrogens using adenosine deaminase → Becomes Inosine → Using ribose-1-p-lase to remove phosphate → Xanine oxidase to remove oxidase →

A

Becomes Uric Acid

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9
Q

___ _____: HGPRT enzyme will convert hypoxanthine back into inosine → Adenosine → AMP

A

To inhibit

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10
Q

Xanthine Oxidase deficiency

A

Hypouricemia

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11
Q

HGPRTase, PRPP deficiency

A

Hyperuricemia - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome/Juvenille Gout

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12
Q

Adenosine Deaminase deficiency

A

SCID

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13
Q

Over expression (SCID)

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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14
Q

Do NOT require large energy

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis

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15
Q

Need Carbon, nitrogen, and amino acids

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis

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16
Q

Cytosine deaminated to ______

A

uracil

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17
Q

Uracil degraded to

A

b-alanine

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18
Q

Folate and B12 required

A

Thymidylate synthesis (dTMP)

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19
Q

Thymidylate synthase
B-12

A

Inhibitors in cancer therapy

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20
Q

Involved in one carbon metabolism

A

Thymidylate synthesis

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21
Q

Precursor to thymidylate synthesis

A

dUMP

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22
Q

B12 used in what two forms in the body

A

Methylcobalamin
5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin

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23
Q

DHFR inhibitor
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

24
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

Pyrimidine analog

25
Prevent one carbon metabolism
DHFR
26
Methotrexate & aminopterin
DHFR inhibitors
27
Nucleobases linked by 3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds Chain growth is always 5’ to 3’
Primary structure of DNA synthesis
28
Double stranded; anti-parallel; twists into helix Bases base paired through hydrogen bonding (Watson-Crick bond)
Secondary Structure
29
Adenine to thymine (uracil)
double bond
30
Cytosine to Guanine
Triple bond
31
3’ to 5” ________ Linkage of polynucleotides
Phosphodiester
32
A, t, G, or C - Nitrogenous base
Rungs of the ladder
33
Phosphate and Sugar backbone
Legs of ladder
34
Bidirectional Synthesis is semiconservative
Characteristics of DNA strand synthesis
35
Both strands synthesized simultaneously Strands unwind and separate (helicase, gyrase) RNA primer required Strands must be rewound
Synthesis is semiconservative
36
5’ to 3’ so one strand is continuous (Leading strand), other strand is discontinuous (Lagging strand)
Bidirectional
37
Pol I Pol II Pol III
3 prokaryotic polymerases for DNA synthesis
38
replication and repair
Pol I
39
implicated and repair
Pol II
40
main processing replicative enzyme (de novo synthesis of DNA) → To make it longer
Pol III
41
unwraps and separates strands (phosphodiester bonds)
Topoisomerase
42
breaks the base pairing (hydrogen bonds)
Helicase
43
binds to ssDNA
SSB
44
lays RNA primer (gives 3’-OH)
Primase
45
synthesizes DNA
DNA polymerase III
46
cuts out primers and re-synthesizes DNA
Polymerase I
47
reseals strand nicks after Polymerase I (Okazaki fragments)
Ligase
48
(type II topoisomerase) rewraps and recoils
Gyrase
49
inhibit DNA gyrase
Quinolones
50
Methotrexate, aminopterin, and trimethiprin
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
51
Methotrexate AZT-DNA chain terminator (no 3’ OH) 5’ fluorouracil- inhibits thymidylate synthesis
Chemotherapeutic agents
52
genetically active type of chromatin
Euchromatin
53
______ makes up chromosomes
Chromatin
54
Repetitive nucleotide sequences -- called _____
telomeres
55
Quiescent/senescent
Go
56
Interphase
G1 S G2

Molecular Diagnostics (18 decks)

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