DNA Replication

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

DNA is a molecule of heredity, it’s like a blueprint/ instructions to guide the cell

Question 3

What does DNA do?

Answer 3

DNA makes proteins and runs the cell’s activities

Question 4

What are the Nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Answer 4

The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

Question 5

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 5

RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid

Question 6

What is RNA used for?

Answer 6

RNA is needed for copying DNA and making proteins

Question 7

What is special about RNA? what can it do that DNA can’t?

Answer 7

RNA is small enough to leave the nucleus, whereas DNA is too big to leave the nucleus

Question 8

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 8

The 3 types of RNA are
mRNA (message RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 9

What are the Nitrogen bases for RNA?

Answer 9

The 4 nitrogen bases for RNA is
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

Question 10

What sugar is in DNA?

Answer 10

Deoxyribose sugar is found in DNA

Question 11

What sugar is in RNA?

Answer 11

Ribose sugar is found in RNA

Question 12

What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 12

DNA
Nitrogen bases- A, T, C, G
Sugar- deoxyribose
Size- Larger
Strands- Double Stranded
Location- In the nucleus
RNA
Nitrogen base- A, U, C, G
Sugar- Ribose
Size- Smaller
Strand- Single stranded
Location- In the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 13

Is DNA single stranded or double stranded?

Answer 13

DNA is double stranded

Question 14

Both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus, but which one can also be found in the Cytoplasm?

Answer 14

RNA can be found in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm

Question 15

Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as ____?

Answer 15

Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as nucleic acid

Question 16

What is nucleotide made of?

Answer 16

A Nucleotide is made of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base

Question 17

What fuses nitrogen bases together in double stranded DNA?

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonds glue together the base paired nitrogen bases

Question 18

What does the “Backbone” refer to?

Answer 18

The backbone of DNA refers to the phosphate and sugar in the nucleotide

Question 19

What is another word for a nucleotide?

Answer 19

The nucleotide can be referred to as a nucleic acid

Question 20

What is the macromolecule of DNA?

Answer 20

Nucleic acid is the Marcomolecule

Question 21

The shape of DNA can be referred to as ___?

Answer 21

The shape of DNA can be referred to as a Double helix

Question 22

How is DNA semi-conservative?

Answer 22

DNA always keeps one original strand of DNA during replication

Question 23

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

Answer 23

The purpose of DNA replication is for cell division, in cell division we need 2 cells with identical genetic information. It’s also used for growth, repair and tissue replacements

Question 24

Who is Watson, crick and Franklin? What was their roll in DNA?

Answer 24

Watson crick and Franklin discovered DNA structure

Question 25

Who won the Nobel prize for the discovery of DNA? why didn’t franklin receive anything?

Answer 25

Watson and crick were awarded with the Nobel prize from using Franklin’s information, but she wasn’t awarded because she died from cancer cause by her research in X-rays

Question 26

What is the chargaff’s rule (base pairing)?

Answer 26

Base pairing means A binds with T C Binds with G

Question 27

Why is base pairing so specific?

Answer 27

Base pairing has to be specific to ensure identical copies of DNA after replication

Question 28

What is the process of DNA replication?

Answer 28

The process of DNA replication is: Initiation- unzipping Topoisomerase prevents super coiling Helicase separates double helix Binding protein prevent rejoining (Results 2 single stranded chromosomes) Elongation- duplication Leading strand: DNA polymerase adds base pair Lagging strand: RNA primer is added, then DNA polymerase goes over RNA primer in Okazaki fragments, then ligase glued Okazaki fragments Termination- verification Primers are removed DNA polymerase proofreads and fixes mistakes (Results 2 identical copies of DNA)

Question 29

What direction does replication occur in?

Answer 29

DNA is replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction