DNA replication

Question 1

when and who was the double helix discovered by

Answer 1

1953, watson and crick

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

is the substance of inheritance. Heridetary info is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body

Question 3

what are chromosomes made up of

Answer 3

-DNA
-protein

Question 4

transformation

Answer 4

as a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA

Question 5

bacteriophages/phages

Answer 5

viruses that infect bacteria used in molecular genetics research

Question 6

double helix

Answer 6

2 complimentary anti parallel strands of DNA molecules

Question 7

what is DNA a polymer of

Answer 7

nucleotides that each consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 8

what are the nitrogenouse

Answer 8

A- adenine
T- thinene
C- citozene
G- Guanene

Question 9

are G and A purine or pyrimidene

Answer 9

purine

Question 10

are T and C purine or pyrimidene

Answer 10

pyrimidene

Question 11

semiconservative model

Answer 11

predicts that when a double helix replicates each daughter molecule replicates will have one old strand and one new strand

Question 11

parent molecule

Answer 11

is the OG DNA strand that unwinds

Question 12

daughter strands

Answer 12

2 new DNA strands built based on base pairing rules

Question 13

replication fork

Answer 13

at the end of each replication bubble, a y shape region where DNA strands are elongating

Question 14

origens of replication

Answer 14

the site in which replication begins where 2 DNA strands are separated which opens up a replication bubble

Question 15

helicase

Answer 15

the enzyme that untwists the DNA helix at the replication for

Question 16

single strand binding protein

Answer 16

binds to and stabelizes single stranded DNA until it can be used as a template

Question 17

topoisomerase

Answer 17

corrects overwinding ahead of replication fork by breaking, swiveling, rejoing the DNA strands

Question 18

prymase

Answer 18

an enzyme which starts an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template

Question 19

DNA polymerase

Answer 19

an enzyme which catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork. It can not initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide, they require a primer and a DNA template strand, they can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end

Question 20

leading strand

Answer 20

strand moving from 3’ to 5’

Question 21

lagging strand

Answer 21

strand moving from5’ to 3’

Question 22

okazaki fragments

Answer 22

a series of fragments in which the lagging strand is synthesized

Question 23

DNA lygase

Answer 23

joins together the okazaki fragments

Question 24

DNA pol I (1)

Answer 24

removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

Question 25

DNA pol III (3)

Answer 25

using parental DNA as a template synthesizes new DNA strands by covalently adding the 3' end of a pre existing DNA strand or RNA primer

Question 26

mismatch repair

Answer 26

repair enzymes which correct errors in base pairing

Question 27

whats the diff between bacterial chromosomes and eukariotic chromosomes

Answer 27

bacterial chromosomes are a cirucular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protien, eukariotic chromosomes have linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein

Question 28

nucleotide exciosion repair

Answer 28

a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA

Question 29

nucleoid

Answer 29

the region of a bacteria cell where the DNA is found

Question 30

chromatin

Answer 30

a complex of DNA protein that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 31

histones

Answer 31

proteins that are responsible for the 1st level of DNA packing in chromatin

Question 32

T. H. Morgan

Answer 32

showed that genes are located on chromosomes

Question 33

Fredrick Griffith

Answer 33

worked with 2 strains of bacterium, 1 patogenic and one harmless in order to find the genetic role of DNA

Question 34

Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarthy, and Colin MacLeod

Answer 34

announced that the transforming substance was DNA, their conclusion was based on experimental evidence that only DNA worked in transforming harmless bacteria into patheogenic bacteria

Question 35

Alfred Hershy and Martha Chase

Answer 35

performed experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material of a phage known as T2 (DNA or protein)

Question 36

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 36

reported that DNA composition varies from one species to the next. He created a rule that states that in any species there is an equal number of A anti bases and an equal number of G and C bases

Question 37

Matthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl

Answer 37

they labeled the nucleotides of the old strands with a heavy isotope of nitrogen while any new nucleotides were labeled with a lighter isotope, and they supported this semi conservative model