DNA replication Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the things that consist of three components and make up DNA?
Nucleotides.
What are the three components that make up nucleotides of DNA?
Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the four kinds of nucleotides? Their initials are A,T,C and G.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Which nucleotides pair with each other? What is the rule that makes this so?
Adenine and Thymine pair with each other; Cytosine and Guanine pair with each other. This rule is called base pairing.
In prokaryotic cells, where is the DNA located?
In the cytoplasm.
In prokaryotic cells, what is the singular circular DNA molecule referred to?
The cell’s chromosome.
Which kind of cell (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) has 1000 times as much as DNA as the other?
Eukaryotic.
Where is the DNA in a eukaryotic cell? located?
In the nucleus.
What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps around to condense?
Histones.
What is the name of the site of replication in a cell?
A replication fork.
What are the steps of DNA replication?
First, the double helix splits. Secondly, the DNA molecule separates into two strands. Then, complementary strands are created using the rules of base pairing.
Who discovered the rule of base pairing?
Erwin Chargaff.
Who used x-ray diffraction to spark the possibility of the double helix structure?
Rosalind Franklin.
Which scientists confirmed the double helix structure of DNA?
James Watson + Francis Crick.
What is a gene?
The segments of DNA that code for proteins.
What is the process called when DNA is converted to RNA?
Transcription.
What is the process called when RNA is converted to a protein?
Translation.
What is Thymine replaced with when being converted to RNA?
Uracil.
What are three types of RNA?
Messenger, Transfer, and Ribosomal.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus.
In what organelle does translation occur?
The ribosome.
What is a gene?
A gene is the segments of DNA that codes for proteins.
What is DNA polymerase and what does it do?
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes sure that each new strand of DNA is an exact copy, and it helps attach individual nucleotides to make a strand.
What are the three types of point mutations, and what happens during each one?
Substitution, insertion and deletion. During substitution, one base is switched for another. During insertion, one molecule is added in; during deletion, one is taken out.
