DNA Replication

Question 1

structure of a nucleotide

Answer 1

pentose sugar

nitrogenous base

phosphate group

Question 2

what are the four bases that can vary on DNA

Answer 2

A T and C G

Question 3

what are the names of the four bases which vary on RNA

Answer 3

A U and C G

Question 4

where do phosphodiester bonds form

Answer 4

phosphate group of one nucleotide and the dioxyribose sugar of another

Question 5

how many hydrogen bonds form between A and T

Answer 5

2

Question 6

how many hydrogen bonds form between C and G

Answer 6

3

Question 7

DNA helicase

Answer 7

enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA strands

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

this joins the new strands

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

made in the nucleus

carries genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm (ribosomes)

Question 10

tRNA

Answer 10

found in the cytoplasm

contains an amino acid binding site and an anti codon containing 3bases

it carries the amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 11

rRNA

Answer 11

this moves along the mRNA strand during protein synthesis catalysing the peptide bonds to form amino acids

Question 12

RNA polymerase

Answer 12

breaks the hydrogen bonds and separated the strands through uncoiling

line up free RNA nucleotides

moves down the DNA strand separating and assembling the mRNA strand

Question 13

when does RNA polymerase stop

Answer 13

when a stop codon is reached

Question 14

translation

Answer 14

mRNA attached to a ribosome, tRNA brings the complementary bases to the mRNA strand

a second tRNA comes along, rRNA forms peptide bonds between them (tRNA leaves leaving an amino acid behind)

this continues till a stop codon is reached