DNA + RNA

Question 1

What are nucleotides?

Answer 1

-the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 2

What are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 2

-A Penrose monosaccharide
-A phosphate group
-A nitrogenous base

Question 3

Draw a nucleotide

Answer 3

-correct drawing

Question 4

What reactions and bonds link nucleotides?

Answer 4

-condensation reaction
-phosphodiester bonds which form a long strong sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 5

What is the sugar in DNA?

Answer 5

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 6

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

Answer 6

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine ,Guanine

Question 7

Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Purines- G, A
Pyrimidines- T, C

Question 8

What is the structure of DNA and how is it held together?

Answer 8

-It is made up of two polynucleotides forming a double helix
-they are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. Each strand has a phosphate group at one end and a hydroxyl as another.
-the two strands are arranged so they run in the opposite direction

Question 9

What are the two complementary bases in DNA?

Answer 9

Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine

Question 10

What sugar is a RNA molecule?

Answer 10

A ribose sugar

Question 11

What is mRNA?

Answer 11

A copy of one gene from DNA.
Created in nucleus and leaves via nuclear pore

Question 12

What are the bases in RNA

Answer 12

Same as DNA but Thymine is replaced with Uracil

Question 13

How do you precipitate DNA?

Answer 13

1) homogenise cell with detergent. Break open cell plasma membrane
2)filter to remove large debris
3)add salt to break H bonds
4)add protease to digest proteins associated with DNA
5)add ice-cold ethanol to precipitate out the dna from the solution . DNA appears as white strands