DNA & RNA Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the basic unit of DNA?
Nucleotide
True or False: RNA is double-stranded.
False
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called _____ .
Transcription
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the structure of DNA often described as?
Double helix
True or False: Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA.
True
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the _____ of a protein.
Amino acid sequence
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
Helicase
What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
What is the process by which DNA is copied called?
Replication
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
True or False: Proteins are made up of nucleotides.
False
What is the function of the promoter region in DNA?
To initiate transcription.
What type of RNA is involved in the process of translation?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Fill in the blank: The process of translating mRNA into a protein occurs in the _____ .
Ribosome
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains Thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains Uracil.
What is the term for the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
Codon
True or False: All proteins are made up of the same 20 amino acids.
True
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the cell where proteins are synthesized.
Cytoplasm
