DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What are the 4 examples of chromosomal mutations?

Answer 1

-Deletion: part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication

-Duplication: one or more copies of a DNA segment are produced

-Inversion: a section of DNA breaks away and is reattached to the chromosome in a reverse order

-Translocation: a chromosome breaks and the (typically two) fragmented pieces re-attach to different chromosomes.

Question 2

What are the 3 specific types of point mutations?

Answer 2

Missense: change the amino acid

Nonsense: cause translation to stop before the protein is finished

Silent: don’t affect amino acid sequence

Question 3

Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes are known as:

Answer 3

Chromosomal mutations

Question 4

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called:

Answer 4

Point mutations

Question 5

What are the 3 stop codons?

Answer 5

UAA, UGA, UAG

Question 6

What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for?

Answer 6

AUG- methionine

Question 7

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 7

RNA polymerase

Question 8

What are the 3 types of RNA? What does each type do?

Answer 8

messenger RNA (mRNA):
-found in nucleus, moves to cytoplasm through nuclear pores
-carries genetic info of DNA in to nucleus to the cytoplasm

transfer RNA (tRNA):
-found in cytoplasm
-bonds to specific amino acid and carries the amino acid to the ribosome

ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
-found in the ribosome (in cytoplasm)
-functions as a metabolic

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 9

Nitrogen base, phosphate group, deoxyribose

Question 10

The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?

Answer 10

Crick, Franklin, Watson, and Wilkins- 1953