DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

2 reasons why DNA is unique

Answer 2

1. Contains our genetic code
2. Replicates itself exactly

Question 3

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 4

Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen base

Question 5

4 nitrogen bases in DNA

Answer 5

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Question 6

What are the purines and how many rings?

Answer 6

Adenine and guanine - 2 rings

Question 7

What are the pyrimidines and how many rings?

Answer 7

Thymine and Cytosine - 1 ring

Question 8

4 scientists who discovered the double helix structure of DNA

Answer 8

Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins - 1953

Question 9

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 9

A=T and C=G, Percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA are almost equal

Question 10

Backbone of DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribose

Question 11

Holds DNA molecules together

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

Nitrogen bases are always connected to the…

Answer 12

Sugar

Question 13

Enzyme that unzips

Answer 13

DNA Helicase

Question 14

DNA Polymerase

Answer 14

It helps hydrogen bonds link the complements of old strand

Question 15

3 types of RNA

Answer 15

Messenger - DNA info from the nucleus to the ribosome

Transfer - Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Ribosomal - Necessary to make proteins - function unknown

Question 16

4 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 16

DNA - 2 strands, deoxyribose, ACGT, inside the nucleus

RNA - 1 stand, ribose, ACGU, inside and outside nucleus

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

RNA is produced by copying DNA - nucleus

Question 18

Steps of transcription

Answer 18

Initiation - RNA ploy. binds to promoter and unwinds DNA

Elongation - Moves along and continues to synthesize mRNA strand

Termination - RNA poly. reaches termination and mRNA is released

Question 19

Enzyme responsible for transcription

Answer 19

RNA polymerase

Question 20

The series of 3 mRNA nitrogen bases that have info to make proteins

Answer 20

Codon

Question 21

Start codon

Answer 21

AUG

Question 22

3 stop codons

Answer 22

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 23

What is translation

Answer 23

Converting genetic info in mRNA into a protein by assembling amino acids in the correct sequence - Cytoplasm

Question 24

Translation

Answer 24

Copy DNA and leaves to go to cytoplasm, tRNA gets amino acid and transports A.A to ribsome, tRNA’s anticodon binds to mRNA’s codon. The A.A it carries detaches from RNA and attaches to a protein chain via peptide bonds

Question 25

Mutation

Answer 25

Changes in genetic material

Question 26

Mutations in a single gene

Answer 26

Point mutations

Question 27

Mutations in a full chromosome

Answer 27

Chromosomal mutation

Question 28

3 examples of point mutations

Answer 28

Substitutions, insertions, deletions

Question 29

Frameshift mutation

Answer 29

When a DNA sequence is inserted or deleted by a number of base pairs that isn't a multiple of three

Question 30

4 examples of chromosomal mutations

Answer 30

Deletions - one or few bases removed Duplications - Copys of another segment Inversions - DNA breaks and reattaches in reverse order Translocations - One chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome