DNA Structure

Question 1

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 1

1. Nitrogenous base
2. Pentose Sugar
3. One or more phosphate groups

Question 2

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 2

Nitrogenous base+sugar (w/o phosphate group)

Question 3

Where does the phosphate attach to the sugar?

Answer 3

5’C

Question 4

Where does the nitrogenous base attach to the sugar?

Answer 4

1’C

Question 5

What are the two groups of nitrogenous bases? Describe each and what makes up each group.

Answer 5

Pyrimidines- single ring C, T

Purines- double-ringed A, G

Question 6

What is deoxyribose and what does it correspond with?

Answer 6

Missing one O bonded to 2’C (in DNA)

Question 7

What is ribose and what does it correspond with?

Answer 7

Has OH bonded to 2’C

Question 8

What reaction makes polynucleotides?

Answer 8

Dehydration reaction

Question 9

Where does the phosphodiester linkage occur?

Answer 9

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 10

What side of the polynucleotide do you add to?

Answer 10

3’ side

Question 11

What is Rosalind Franklin known for?

Answer 11

Proposed 2 strands with sugar-phosphate backbone and bases on the interior after using X-ray Crystallography

Question 12

What is Watson and Crick known for?

Answer 12

Build models of a double helix to conform to the X-rays and chemistry of DNA

Question 13

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 13

Double helix

Question 14

What does it mean to be antiparallel in structure?

Answer 14

Backbone runs opposite 5’->3’

Question 15

What bond links base pairs?

Answer 15

H-bonding

Question 16

What is the pairing of the base pairs?

Answer 16

A-T and C-G

Question 17

What is right handed chirality?

Answer 17

Twist moves helix away

Question 18

What is the helical pitch?

Answer 18

The height of one full turn which consists of 10 base pairs

Question 19

How many h-bonds are in A-T bonding?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

How many h-bonds are in C-G bonding?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What does more h-bonds mean?

Answer 21

More stable

Question 22

The 5’ side of DNA will match with what?

Answer 22

3’ side of complementing pair

Question 23

What kind of structure does RNA have?

Answer 23

Single stranded

Question 24

What are the different types of RNA?

Answer 24

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, sRNA

Question 25

What is the hydrogen bond of each base pair in RNA?

Answer 25

A-U | C-G

Question 26

What kind of bond is in the single stranded backbone?

Answer 26

Covalent

Question 27

What is the role of DNA?

Answer 27

Heredity, traits

Question 28

What did Fredrick Griffith discover?

Answer 28

Discovered bacterial transformation- transmitted cell to cell and that DNA can confer new traits

Question 29

What did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discover?

Answer 29

Discovered DNA is component of phage that enters cells= genetic material

Question 30

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

Answer 30

Discovered DNA composition varies from one species to the next- diversity made DNA more credible candidate for genetic material

Question 31

What are Chargaff's rules? 2

Answer 31

1. The base composition of DNA varies between species | 2. In any species the number of A and T bases equal and the number of G and C bases are equal

Question 32

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 32

``` RNA has... Single-stranded Uses uracil instead of thymine Not double helix Ribose (OH off 2C) ```