DNA STRUCTURE Flashcards
(16 cards)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUCLEOTIDE AND NUCLEOSIDE
-NUCLEOTIDE CONTAINS THREE ELEMENTS: NITROGENOUS BASE, SUGAR BACKBONE, PHOSPHATE BONDS.
-NUCLEOSIDE CONTAINS TWO ELEMENTS: NITROGENOUS BASE AND SUGAR BACKBONE.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DNA AND NUCLEOTIDE
DNA IS A POLYMER AND NUCLEOTIDE IS MONOMER.
EXPLAIN HOW PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES ARE FORMED
THERE ARE FIVE NITROGENOUS BASES, THAT ARE FOUND IN NUCLEOTIDES IN THE HUMAN BODY.
PYRIMIDINES: IS FORMED BY ONE RING, THERE ARE CYTOSINE, THYMINE, URACIL
PURINES: HAVE TWO RINGS, HERE WE CAN FIND ADENINE AND GUANINE
MENTION THE NAMES OF NUCLEOTIDES
IT DEPENDS ON THE NAME OF THE BASE THAT´S ATTACHED
CYTOSINE - CYTIDINE
THYMINE - THYMIDINE
URACIL - URIDINE
ADENINE - ADENOSINE
GUANINE - GUANOSINE
XPLAIN ABOUT METHYLATION
IT IS OCCUR WHEN METHYL GROUP ADDED TO CYTOSINE
BOTH STRANDS
INACTIVATES TRANSCRIPTION
HUMAN DNA CONTAINS 70% METHYLATED
UNMETHYLATED CG STIMULATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
XPLAIN ABOUT BACTERIAL METHYLATION
BACTERIA METHYLATE CYTOSINE AND ADENINE
METHYLATION PROTECTS THE BACTERIA FROM VIRUSES (PHAGES)
NON-METHYLATED DNA DESTROYED BY ENDONUCLEASES
WHAT IS CHROMATIN
DNA PLUS PROTEINS
The chromatin fiber is depicted as a coiled, formed by the close packing of nucleosomes.
This level of packaging further condenses the DNA
IF THE CHROMATIN CONDENSES RESULTS CHROMOSOME
HOW THE NUCLEOSOME IS FORMED
THE UNION OF HISTONES AND DNA
DNA + H2A, H2B, H3 AND H4
FORM 8-HISTONE CORE
WHAT IS THE HISTONES
THEY ARE PEPTIDES: H1. H2A, H2B, H3 AND H4
CONTAIN BASIC AMINOACID: HIGH CONTENT OF LYSINE AND ARGININE
POSITIVELY CHARGED BINDS NEGATIVELY CHARGED PHOSPHATE BACKBONE
CHARACTERISTICS OF H1
NOT IN NUCLEOSOME CORE
LARGER, MORE BASIC
TIES BEADS ON STRING TOGETHER
MENTION THE DRUGS INDUCED LUPUS
HYDRALAZINE
PROCAINAMIDE
ISONIAZID
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL LUPUS AND DRUG INDUCED LUPUS
TRADITIONAL LUPUS IT´S AGAINST THE DOUBLE STRANDED DNA ITSELF.
DRUG INDUCED LUPUS IS AGAINST THE HISTONE MOLECULES.
MENTION CHARACTERISTICS ABOUT HETEROCHROMATIN AND EUCHROMATIN
HETEROCROMATIN : CONDENSED VERY TIGHTLY, GENE SEQUENCES NOT TRANSCRIBED, SIGNIFICANT DNA METHYLATION
EUCHROMATIN: LESS CONDENSED, TRANSCRIPTION, SIGNIFICANT HISTONE ACETYLATION
MENTION TWO EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA
HISTONE ACETYLATION
DNA METHYLATION
-HISTONE ACETYLATION : ACETYL GROUP ADDED TO LYSINE BY HAT (HISTONE ACETYL TRANFERASE) , RELAXED CHROMATIN FOR TRANSCRIPTION
THE PROCESS IN REVERSE IS CALLED DEACETYLATION
-DNA METHYLATION: NOT OCCUR THE TRANSCRIPTION
WHAT IS THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACs)
THEY ARE DRUGS THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
ANTICANCER
TELL ME ABOUT HUNTINGTON´S DISEASE
MOVEMENT DISORDER
ABNORMAL HUNTINGTON PROTEIN
GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION
POSSIBLE MECHANISM: HISTONE DEACETYLATION : GENE SILENCING
LEADS TO NEURONAL CELL DEATH IN STRATIUM
