DNA to Protein Assessment Study Guide (Thursday 4/24) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, whereas RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.
DNA has thymine (T) as a base, while RNA has uracil (U) instead.
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus.
In prokaryotic cells, DNA is found in the cytoplasm.
What is the main function of DNA?
To store genetic information.
What is the main function of RNA?
To assist in protein synthesis.
Name the enzymes involved in DNA replication.
- DNA polymerase
- Helicase
- Ligase
Each enzyme has a specific role in unwinding and synthesizing DNA strands.
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
To unwind the DNA double helix.
What does ligase do in DNA replication?
It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
In the nucleus.
Where does translation occur in the cell?
In the cytoplasm.
What process converts DNA into mRNA?
Transcription.
What process converts mRNA into a protein?
Translation.
What is complementary base pairing in DNA?
A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
What is complementary base pairing between DNA and mRNA?
A pairs with U, and C pairs with G.
List the three types of RNA.
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
What is the difference between a codon and an anti-codon?
A codon is a sequence on mRNA, while an anti-codon is a sequence on tRNA.
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
To transport amino acids to the ribosome.
What is protein folding?
The process by which a protein assumes its functional shape.
What are the types of mutations?
- Point mutations
- Insertions
- Deletions
- Chromosomal mutations
What is a promoter?
A DNA sequence that initiates transcription.
What is an operator?
A segment of DNA that regulates gene expression.
What is the lac operon?
A model for gene regulation in bacteria.
What is a repressor?
A protein that inhibits gene expression.
What are exons?
Coding regions of a gene that are expressed.
What are introns?
Non-coding regions of a gene that are spliced out.
