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VIROLOGY > DNA VIRUSES 🦠 > Flashcards

DNA VIRUSES 🦠 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

The smallest DNA virus; the only DNA virus that is single-stranded

A

PARVOVIRIDAE

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2
Q

Naked icosahedral
Single-stranded linear DNA virus (negative stranded)
One serotype

A

Parvovirus B-19

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3
Q

Parvovirus B-19 transmission

A

Respiratory Droplets
Transplacental

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4
Q

-ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE)
-affects children between the ages of 4 to 12
-bright red cheek rash (“Slapped cheek”) with fever, coryza, and sore

A

Parvovirus B-19

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5
Q

Aplastic crisis
-Transient but severe aplastic anemia in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or spherocytosis
-occurs when the virus stops the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

A

Parvovirus B19

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6
Q

First trimester: Fetal death
î Second trimester: Hydrops Fetalis

ARTHRITIS
î Immune-complex arthritis of small joints

Chronic B-19 infection
î pancytopenia in immunodeficient patient

A

Parvovirus B-19

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7
Q

RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, in adults leads to pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis–like symptoms

A

Parvovirus B19

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8
Q

Illness is self-limited
I.V. immunoglobulin can be used with aplastic crisis

A

Parvovirus B19

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9
Q

-Naked icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA 41 serotypes
-Only virus with fiber

A

Adenovirus

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10
Q

URT: Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, coryza
LRT: bronchitis, atypical pneumonia
GIT: acute gastroenteritis
GUT: acute hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

Adenovirus transmission

A

Aerosol droplet
Fecal-oral
Direct contact

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12
Q

Cowdry type B intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

The second smallest DNA virus

A

PAPOVAVIRIDAE

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14
Q

Human Papillomavirus transmission

A

Direct contact
Sexually

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15
Q
  • Infect squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuole (koilocytes)
  • Genes E6 and E7: encode proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes. E6 inhibits p53; E7 inhibits Rb
  • Genes E1 and E2: promote viral DNA replication
A

Human Papillomavirus

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16
Q

Skin and plantar warts, verruca vulgaris

A

HPV 1, 2, 4, 7

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17
Q

-Genital warts (condyloma acuminata)
-Respiratory tract papillomas
-Most common viral STD

A

HPV 6 and 11

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18
Q

Carcinoma of the cervix, vulva, penis, anus

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

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19
Q

Genital warts: Podophyllin
Skin warts: Liquid nitrogen
Plantar warts: Salicylic acid

PREVENTION:
Vaccine for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 for females 9-26 years old

A

Good to know

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20
Q

Koilocytes: small, round, deeply basophilic nuclei surrounded by a clear halo and pale-staining cytoplasm

A

Human Papillomavirus

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21
Q

JC Polyoma Virus (John Cunningham virus) morphology

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A

Naked icosahedral
Double-stranded circular DNA

22
Q

-Only causes disease in immunocompromised hosts
- Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS
-Demyelinating disease that affects the oligodendrocytes characterized by deficits in speech, coordination, and memory

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A

JC Polyoma Virus (John Cunningham virus)

23
Q

JC:

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A

Junky Cerebrum

24
Q

BK Polyoma Virus morphology

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A

Naked icosahedral
Double-stranded circular DNA

25
-causes disease in immunocompromised hosts - causes hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ (kidney) and bone marrow transplants
BK Polyoma Virus
26
blood test or a urine test for decoy cells Biopsy of the kidneys PCR techniques
BK Polyoma Virus BK: Bladder, Kidney
27
Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) morphology
Enveloped icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA
28
Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) MOT
HSV 1: saliva or direct HSV 2: sexual or transvaginal
29
Gingivostomatitis Herpes labialis (lips) Keratoconjunctivitis Temporal lobe encephalitis Herpetic whitlow (fingers) Herpes gladiatorum (trunk)
HSV-1 (HHV-1)
30
HSV-1 (HHV-1) Site of Latency
Trigeminal ganglia
31
HSV-2 (HHV-2) Site of Latency
Lumbosacral ganglia
32
Genital herpes Neonatal herpes (TORCH) Aseptic meningitis
HSV-2 (HHV-2)
33
Tzanck smear: multinucleated giant cells
Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)
34
Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)
35
Acyclovir - Shortens duration of the lesions - Reduces the extent of shedding of the virus - No effect on the latent state
Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)
36
is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the USA
HSV-1
37
Herpes principal target area of the virus
Temporal lobe
38
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3 morphology
Enveloped icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA
39
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3 MOT
-Airborne-droplet -Direct contact with the lesions
40
- Infects the URT, then spreads via the blood to the skin - Becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglia, which may reactivate as zoster
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
41
-Incubation period: 14-21 days -Period of communicability: 48 hours before vesicle formation and 4-5 days after until all vesicles are crusted
VARICELLA / CHICKEN POX Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
42
-Vesicular rash (‘dewdrop on a rose petal appearance’) that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities (centrifugal) with lesions of different stages
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
43
Complications: Pneumonia, Encephalitis, Reye’s syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia, secondary bacterial infectio
VARICELLA / CHICKEN POX
44
-Unilateral painful vesicular eruption with a dermatomal distribution (thoracic and lumbar) -Debilitating pain (postherpetic neuralgia) à most common complication
HERPES ZOSTER / SHINGLES
45
-Reactivation of latent VZV residing within geniculate ganglion -A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain, and vesicles on the face, on the ear, or in the ear is the typical presentation.
RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME / HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS
46
-Fetuses infected at 6-12 weeks’ AOG: maximal interruption with limb development (short and malformed limbs covered with cicatrix – skin lesion with zigzag scarring associated with atrophy of the affected limb) -Fetuses infected at 16-20 weeks’ AOG: eye and brain involvement
CONGENITAL VARICELLA
47
multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions.Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
48
: multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions. Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
49
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3 - Shortens duration of the lesions - Most effective if given within 24 hours of the onset of rash
Acyclovir
50
Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome: treatment
Valacyclovir Prednisone
51
POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
Active vaccine can be given within 5 days of exposure to modify course Anti-VZV Ig: given within 96h after exposure; for pregnant, newborns exposed to maternal varicella, and immunocompromised
52
USES OF ASPIRIN IN PEDIATRIC DISEASES:
- Kawasaki - ARF - JRA

VIROLOGY (5 decks)

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