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DNS and Network Naming Flashcards

DNS (51 cards)

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1
Q

The DNS root

A

.

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2
Q

DNS ports

A

UDP 53, sometimes TCP 53

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3
Q

Number of DNS root servers

A

13; see them at www.root-servers.org

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4
Q

TLD

A

Top level domain

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5
Q

Original TLD’s

A

com, org, net, edu, gov, mil, int

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6
Q

Limit on length of DNS name

A

255 characters, including the periods

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7
Q

Host name

A

The name for an individual computer

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8
Q

FQDN

A

Fully qualified domain name

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9
Q

DNS server

A

A single server running DNS server software

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10
Q

Zone

A

A container for a single domain that gets filled with records

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11
Q

DNS Record

A

A line in the zone data that maps a FQDN to an IP address

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12
Q

Zone that lists all hosts on the domain

A

Authoritative DNS server (aka SOA, Start of Authority)

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13
Q

SOA

A

Start of authority (zone listing all hosts on the domain); updates the name servers

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14
Q

Name servers

A

DNS servers subordinate to the SOA but supporting the same domain

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15
Q

Naming rules for name servers

A

None. Name them what you like (subject to 255 character limit)

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16
Q

HOSTS file

A

Locally cached file on a PC, overrides DNS

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17
Q

Windows command to verify DNS server info

A

ipconfig /all

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18
Q

DNS name resolution order

A

Local cache, local DNS server, root server, TLD server, domain server

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19
Q

Name of UNIX/Linux DNS server tool

A

BIND

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20
Q

Forward lookup zone

A

the zone that maps a FQDN to an IP address; the most important part of the DNS server

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21
Q

A records

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A

The IP addresses for all of the hosts on the domain

22
Q

CNAME records

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A

Stands for “canonical name”. An alias for another host name

23
Q

MX records

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A

Stands for “mail exchanger.” The IP address of the mail server

24
Q

AAAA records

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A

The IPv6 addresses of all of the hosts on the domain

25
Primary zone
Created on the DNS server, act as the SOA for that zone
26
Secondary zone
Created on other DNS servers, backups to the primary zone
27
Reverse lookup zone
Maps an IP address to a FQDN. Allows reverse lookup
28
PTR
Pointer records. In reverse lookup zones. They point to CNAMEs
29
SMB/CIFS
Server Message Block (nka Common Internet File System). Legacy NetBIOS naming convention. Can run over DNS
30
Workgroup
A collection of connected local computers running Windows.
31
Windows domain
A collection of local computers connected to a server running Windows Server. Today Windows domains use DNS names.
32
Domain controller
Windows Server configured to control a Windows domain
33
Recommended top level name for Windows domain not on the Internet
.local (but not enforced)
34
Active directory
An organization of related computers sharing one or more Windows domains. Multiple domain controllers
35
What happens if primary DNS server goes down
You can use secondary to look up records, but cannot add new records
36
Active directory-Integrated zone
Allows any Active Directory domain controller to act as a primary zone.
37
Dynamic DNS
Enables DNS servers to automatically populate the IP addresses in forward lookup zones (usually by polling DHCP servers)
38
Windows command to force DNS server to update its records
ipconfig /registerdns
39
DNS SEC
DNS Security Extensions for authorization, authentication, to prevent DNS spoofing
40
First clue that there is a DNS problem
“Server not found” error
41
Windows command to flush local DNS cache
ipconfig /flushdns
42
Using PING to test DNS problems
PING the domain name, then PING an IP address. If only the latter works you have a DNS issue
43
Windows command to get information about the DNS server, see if it is active
nslookup
44
Windows command to connect to a DNS server
server [server name or IP] (e.g., server totalhomedc1)
45
WINS server
Windows Internet Name Service, allows NetBIOS hosts to register their names with just one server rather than broadcast
46
How to test to see if a connection problem is at the host’s NIC
Ping the loopback (e.g., ping localhost or ping 127.0.0.1)
47
NetBIOS command to see current cache of NetBIOS names on WINS server
nbtstat -c
48
NetBIOS command to see other visible local systems
net view
49
Windows command to see all current connections to a system
netstat (use -s switch to give statistics, can be useful)
50
Windows command to trace a packet’s route around the internet
tracert
51
RADIUS ports
UDP ports 1812, 1813

Network+ (4 decks)

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