1. Distal to the right cupid of the maxillary arch 2. Mesial to the right and left first bicuspid on the maxillary arch 3. Distal to the left cuspid on the maxillary arch 4. Distal to the left cuspid on the madibular arch 5. Mesial to the right and left first bicuspid on the mandibular arch 6. Distal to the right cuspid on the mandibular arch

Doc Gravador Reportings Flashcards by Alex Ko Kam

Who developed oral hygiene index

John C. Greene and Jack R. Vermillion

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Simple and sensitive method for assessing the patients oral hygiene quantitatively

Oral hygiene index

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Segments of OHI

Distal to the right cupid of the maxillary arch
Mesial to the right and left first bicuspid on the maxillary arch
Distal to the left cuspid on the maxillary arch
Distal to the left cuspid on the madibular arch
Mesial to the right and left first bicuspid on the mandibular arch
Distal to the right cuspid on the mandibular arch

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Rules for OHI

Only fully erupted permanent teeth are scored

Third molars are not included

Scoring is based on the designatedsegment that has the greatest surface area of debris for DI and CI

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DI scoring

0
1
2
3

0 - no debris or stain

1 - soft debris covering not more than 1/3 of the tooth surface

2 - soft debris covering more than 1/3 but nor more than 2/3 of the tooth surface

3 - soft debris covering more than 2/3 of the exposed tooth surface

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Calculus index

0
1
2
3

0 - no calculus present
1 - supragingival calculus covering upto 1/3 of the exposed tooth surface
2 - supragingival covering 1/3 to 2/3 of the tooth root, with ou without subgingival fleck near the cervical area
3. Supargingival calculus covers over 2/3 of the exposed root and forms a continuous subgingival band near the revival area

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A simplified method for easier and quicker assessmnt of oral hygiene status

Oral hygiene index - simplified

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Selection for tooth surface ( 4 posterior - 2 anterior )

Posterior
—-
—-
Anterior
—-
—-

Posterior
- buccal surface of the selected upper molars
-lingual surface of the selected lower molars

Anterior
- labial surface of upper right and lower left of central incisors

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Teeth with full crown restorations nd surfaces reduced in height by caries or trauma are not scored

Selection of tooth surface in OHIS

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Accumulation of soft foreign matter loosely attached to the teeth

Oral debris

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Deposit of inorganic salts composed primarily of calcium carbonate and phosphate mixed with food debris, bacteria and desquamated epithelial cells

Oral calculus

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Main types of oral calculus

Supragingival - white to yllowish
Subgingival - light brown to black

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Criteria for DI and CI in OHI-S (scoring)

0 - 0.6 good
0.7 - 1.6 satisfactory
1.7 - 3.0 poor

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Criteria for OHI-S

0 - 1.2 - low / good
1.3 - 3.0 - average / satisfactory
3.1 - 6 - very high / poor

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Clinical tools used to assess the health of gingival tissues, particularly in evaluating inflammatory severity

Gingival indices
- papillary bleeding index
- gingival index

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An index that can be usde to evaluate a patients gingival condition and motivation, based on the intensity of bleeding from the papilla

Papillary bleeding index

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Calculating on PBI or BOP

BOP = number of bleeding sites divide number of sites evaluated times 100

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Index used for assessing severity of gingivitis and its location by examining qualitative changes of gingival tissues

Gingival index

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4 gingival scoring units location

Disto facial papilla
Facial margin
Mesio facial papilla
Lingual gingival margin

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Scoring system of GI

0
1
2
3

0 - no inflammation
1 - mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, no BOP
2. Moderate inflammation, redness, edema, hypertrophy, BOP
3. Severe inflammation, marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration and spontaneous bleeding

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Calculation of GI

Total scores of all surface divide number of surface examined

0.1 - 1.0 - mild gingivitis
1.1 - 2.0 - moderate gingivitis
2.1 - 3.0 - severe gingivitis

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Assessment of how fardon until the gum tissueattaches to the tooth

Periodontal probing

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Purpose of periodontal probing

To evaluate gingival and periodontal healthy by measuring the depth of gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket

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Key clinical parameters in periodontal probing.

Probing depth.
Clinical attachment level
BOP
Gingival recession
Suppuration

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Depth of gingival margin to pocket base

Normal 1-3mm Pathologic >3mm

Locations on periodontal probing

1. MF/MB 2. ML 3. L 4. DF/DB 5. DL 6. F/B

A critical marker in diagnosing periodontal disease

Clinical attachment loss

A critical marker in diagnosing periodontal disease

Clinical attachment loss

Refers to the extent of periodnotal support that has been lost around a toth due to periodontal disease

Clinical attachment loss

Recession that does not exted to the mucogingival junction wih no periodntal bone loss in the interdental areas

Class I

Recession that extends to or beyond the mucogingival junuction with no interdental bone loss

Class II

Recession that extends to or beyond the mucoginggival junction, with some periodontal attachment loss in the interdental area of malposition of the teeth

Class III

Recession that extends to or beyond the mucogingival jucntion, with severe bone and/ or soft tissue loss in the interdental area and/or severe malpositioning of the teeth

Class IV

GRADE _ No signs of gingival enlargement

GRADE _ Enlargement confined to interdental papilla

GRADE _ Enlargement involves papilla and marginal gingiva

Gingival enlargement GRDE _

Enlargement covers 3/4 of or more of the crown

Drugs associated with gingival overgrowth

Nifedipine Cyclosporine A Phenytoin

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition - manifests as a single mass or multiple tumor-like masses at the gingival margin

Pregnancy

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition Usually marginal and interdental, and they are characterized by prominent bulbous inter proximal papillae

Puberty

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition Gingival is bluish red, soft, and friable and it has a smooth, shiny surface

Nutrition

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition Gingival enlargement can be diffuse or marginal Localized or generalized Bluish red,has shiny surface

Leukemia

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition Oral mucosal ulceration, tooth mobility, gingival enlargement

Wegener granulomatosis

Gingival overgrowth associated with systemic condition Cen be hereditary or idiopathic GO is pink, almost leathery in consistency, has multiple mebbled surface

Gingival fibromatosis

Treatment for gingival fibromatosis

Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty

An apical shift of the marginal gingiva from its normal position on the crown of the tooth

Gingival recession

Primary cause of gingival recession

Low-level and long-lasting trauma Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease Periodontal treatment Occlusal trauma

V-shaped local retraction: associated with ?

Teeth subjected to oclusal trauma

U-shaped local recession: associated with ? (Generalized or horizontal retraction)

Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, inadequate traumatic brushing

Physiologic mobility of tooth in the morning

Greatest mobility in the morning: progressively decrease over the hours

Tooth mobility direction, primarily in?

Horizontal direction

Occurs when the tooth mves within the confines of the PDL

Initial or intrasocket stage

Occur gradually and entails elastic deformation of the alveolar bone in response to increased horizontal force

Secondary stage

Millers classification of TM Movement of the crown up to 1mm in any direction

Grade 2

Millers classification of TM First distinguishable sign of movement greater than ‘normal’

Grade 1

Millers classification of TM Movement of the crown more than 1mm in any direction or vertical depression or rotation of the crown in its socket

GRADE 3

Normal physiologic mobility mneaurement

0.2mm horizontally 0.02mm axially

Anatomical area of a multirooted tooth where root diverge

Furcation

Main etiologic factor of furcation defect is?

Bacterial plaque

Refers to the loss of supporting bone and soft tissue in the are where the root of a tooth meet

Furcation involvement

Indices of furcation involvement Slight bone loss in the furcation area Suprabony pocket Inatct interradcular bone

GRADE 1

Indices of furcation involvement Bone loss at one or more areas of furcaton Intact alveolar bone Partial penetration

Grade II

Indices of furcation involvement Destruction of connective tissue and bone wall Radiolucency in between the root area

GRADE III

Indices of furcation involvement Destruction of interdental bone Receded soft tissues Visibility of furcation opening

GRADE 4

Indices of furcation involvement Incipient lesion

Grade 1

Indices of furcation involvement Loss of interradicular bone anc pocket formation but a portion of the alveolar one and PDL remain intact

Grade 2

Indices of furcation involvement Through and through lesion

Grade 3

Indices of furcation involvement Through and through lesion with ginival recesion, leading to a clearly visible furcation area

Grade 4

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