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The CCC Mackinaw > Docent Details > Flashcards

Docent Details Flashcards

1
Q

What date was the Mackinaw decommissioned?

A

June 10, 2006

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2
Q

How long is the Mackinaw?

A

290 feet.

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3
Q

How wide is the Mackinaw?

A

74 feet, 4 inches. (or 5 inches depending on the source)

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4
Q

What is the draft of the Mackinaw when fully loaded?

A

19 feet, 2 inches

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5
Q

How much fuel can she carry

A

346,910 gallons of diesel
At today’s gas prices - $2.40 per gallon

$832,500 to fill her

Tanker trucks can hold up to 9,000 gallons
would take 38 trucks to fill her.

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6
Q

How much potable water?

A

40,200 gallons

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7
Q

How much water in her ballets, trim and heeling tanks

A

345,828 gallons

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8
Q

How much water can she pump through her heeling tanks?

A

112,000 gallons in 90 seconds.
That would be 448 tons

Or 160 tons of water from USCG info for docents in notebook
160 x2000/8= 40,000 gallons

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9
Q

What is the size and weight of forward propeller?

And function in ice breaking.

A

12 feet and 7.2 tons
Draws water from 150 feet ahead under the ice
Wash from prop pushes ice back along ship

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10
Q

What is size of stern propellers?

A

14 feet and 10.7 tons

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11
Q

When and where was keel laid?

A

Toledo, Toledo Ship Building Company, March 1943

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12
Q

Who completed the initial construction?

A

American Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
First went bankrupt due partially due to completion bonds and penalty clauses. And because bigger and unique design.
Launched March 1944

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13
Q

What is the weight -fully loaded ?

A

5,250 tons

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14
Q

The ship was white until the red strip was added - which occurred when?

A

1967

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15
Q

When was the ship painted red?

A

1998

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16
Q

When and why did initial talks about her decommissioning begin, and why didn’t they do it then?

A

In 1982, initial talks, decommissioned 10 other cutters.
Mac was older and less efficient ( esp. financially).
Hard to find parts for her engines - from 1938.
But smaller ship could not keep the straits open.

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17
Q

How much did it cost to build the Mackinaw?

A

$10 Million

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18
Q

What are relevant war dates?

A

Pearl Harbor attacked - December 7, 1941
D-day- June 6, 1944
VE Day - May 8, 1945
VJ Day - August 14, 1945

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19
Q

What are the dimensions of the New Mackinaw?

A

WLBB-30
240 ‘ long, 58’ wide, 16’ draft, crew of 55.
Propulsion Pods swivel 360 degrees
9200 horsepower
Can break through 32” of level ice at 3 knots ahead
And at 2 knots astern
Can break through 8-12 feet of brash ice

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20
Q

How tall is the Mackinaw?

A

Bridge is 30’ above the water.

Mast head is 105’.

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21
Q

Construction details - riveting.

A

No rivets. 30 miles of single bead welding.

Many of the welders were women (because of the war)

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22
Q

What date was the Mackinaw commissioned?

A

December 20, 1944

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23
Q

Strength of hull

A

1 ⅝ inch steel along ice-belt
1 ⅜ inch hull above water line
Ribbing is 16” on center

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24
Q

Engine details

A

Six Fairbanks Morse Diesel engines, designed for locomotives
2 stroke, opposed piston
2000 horsepower - 4-hour rate, 1750 hp continuous
10 cylinders with 20 Pistons
8” bore

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25
Q

Generators for propulsion

A

6 generators- attached to Diesel engines
Westinghouse 900 volts, 1375 kilowatts power
Attached by electric cables to 3 electric motors that turn propeller shafts - 5000 horsepower each.

26
Q

Crew details

A 
Initially had 130
1982 reduced to 75 - went to 12 hours of operations 
13 officers, 64 enlisted
2000 added women - 30
Average tour of duty. 2 years
Typically- 4 hours on, 8 hours off
27
Q

Speed

A
  1. 7 knots

21. 6 mph

28
Q

Oil cooled

A

Water cooled the oil

Water in ice chest sometimes froze and had to empty ice by hand

29
Q

How breaks ice

A

Not by ramming or plowing
But by riding on top of and crushing
Shape of boat- pointed bow and stern, football
Rounded - allows to roll off ice
Raked angle to ride up onto ice
Reversible bow propellor to suck water from under ice and push ice back along hull

30
Q

Ice breaking capability

A 
42" of blue ice
38-40' of windrows
Typical
2-3' of ice
12-15' windrows
31
Q

Generators for running electricity on board

A

3 Caterpillar diesel service generators - D379
V-8, 650 hp, 450 volts, 674 amps
Updated/replaced during overhaul in 1982
Had to cut hikes through ship to get them out,then weld close again

32
Q

Break out

A

Start of ice breaking season
Started in mid-March, lasted 6 weeks
Esp. Straits of Mackinaw, St. Mary’s River to Soo locks, and White Fish Bay.
Also break out harbors. Based on where needed by shipping.
Decisions on where most needed made by Coast Guard station in Cleveland

33
Q

Duties of the Mackinaw

A

Primarily ice breaking
Also
Search and Rescue (if already out), law enforcement
Towing ships that ran aground or faltered
Buoy tending - change winter buoys for summer ones and vice versa, resupplying Coast Guard land stations
Support Chicago to Mackinaw and Port Huron to Mackinaw sailboat races
Public Relations
Coast Guard gathering in Grand Haven
Christmas trees to Chicago

34
Q

Fuel consumption at average speed

A

At 13.5 mph used 150 gallons per hour = 11 gallons to mile

35
Q

Original pay for crew

A

$50 per month
Paid in cash in $2 bills
So local merchants would see impact of having the crew in town

36
Q

Details of filling Mackinaw with diesel

A

Done twice a year.
At today’s gas prices - $2.40 per gallon

$832,500 to fill her

Tanker trucks can hold up to 9,000 gallons
would take 38 trucks to fill her.

37
Q

Fuel consumption breaking ice

A

Breaking sheet ice 2-3 feet thick managed 3- 4 mph

Used 600 gallons per hour = about 200 gallons per mile

38
Q

Quarterdeck intro talk

A

Welcome
Served 62 years- 1944-2006
Tour is self-paced. Follow yellow arrows.
Down to engine room, up to pilot house
Docents along way to give info and answer questions
First stop Officers’ Ward Room
Video on importance of ice breaking to Great Lakes Shipping and some information to help you be safe while touring the ship today
Enjoy!

39
Q

Berthing area talk

A

Each rank had own head, lounge and bunk room- berthing area
No talking in berthing area since different shifts so almost always someone sleeping
Generally berthing area next to hull so noisy with ice scraping against hull
Living quarters 1 deck above engine rooms which are also noisy.
Ear protection recommended.
Bunks used to be 3 high when had a larger crew

40
Q

Engine room talk

A 
Welcome to engine room 2
Diesel engine details ; power to generators and propellers
Noise. Temperature.
Bow propellor
Trim and heeling boards
41
Q

Pre Mackinaw ice breaking history

A

1872 beginning - 2 ships to breakout Alpena Harbor
Train ferries designed with bow propellers
1936- Coast Guard charged with keeping shipping lanes free of ice

42
Q

Number and call sign

A

WAGB 83
83 hull built
Wind class, Arctic,
Glacier Bay

43
Q

Command structure

A

Captain in charge at sea.

Executive Officer in charge when docked.

44
Q

1982

A

Considered de-commissioning the Mac
Instead did a $1.7 million overhaul
Replaced the generators with the Caterpillar ones.
Replaced the big cranes on the fantail with a smaller one.
4of the 6 propulsion generators were overhauled
Reduced crew to 75

45
Q

Advantages of diesel electric

A

Diesel engines can be placed anywhere
Power can be sent to any propellor
Diesel engine can be run at most efficient rpm
When reverse, only at the electric motor

46
Q

Juniper class icebreakers details

A

225 feet, buoy tenders
First built 2003
Crew of 50, 42 enlisted & 8 officers
No special features to break ice, but could break ice up to 30”

47
Q

Juniper class ships

A

Hollyhock WLB 214 in Port Huron

Alder WLB 216 in Duluth

48
Q

Bay class icebreakers details

A 
Built in the 1970‘s and 80's
140 feet by 37.5 wide
Air bubbler system to break ice.
Can break ice 20-30"
Crew of 17, 14 enlisted & 3 officers
49
Q

Bay Class ships

A

WTBG 101 - Katmai Bay in Sault Saint Marie
Also in Saint Ignace is the Buckhorn WLI 642 at 100 feet by 24 feet
WTBG 102 - Bristol Bay in Detroit
WTBG 103 - Mobile Bay in Sturgeon Bay , WI
WTBG 104 - Biscayne Bay in Saint Ignace
WTBG 105 - Neah Bay in Cleveland

50
Q

Galley info

A

6 cooks, usually 3 on duty at a time

$750 per day

51
Q

Does the Mackinaw every leave the Great Lakes

A

Originally it was too wide to fit through the Welland Canal locks .
But those locks were later widened to accommodate bigger boats.
Width of locks 76’11” The Mackinaw is 74’5”
But the Mackinaw requires fresh water to cool engines.
Salt water would damage the engines.

In 1967 it did travel to Montreal for the World’s Fair.

52
Q

Impact of Mackinaw’s icebreaking on shipping

A

Lakes used to be iced in for 4.5 months a year.
After Mackinaw started serving, opened an additional 6 weeks.
Closed 3 months
For each 10 additional dayside of open water would allow 3.5 million tons of raw materials forward. steel mills or grain for food
6 weeks = 14 million tons additional materials.

Example- from March 25-May 21, 1947
The Mackinaw provided direct assistance to 1500 Vessels, and 100’s of other ships able to use the channels that the Mac opened.

53
Q

Big Bertha

A

Almon Johnson Constant tension towing winch
Some years it was never used
94,000 lbs - maximum pull
308,000 lb breaking strength
2200 feet of cable, 2” thick , 6x27 strands
Galvanized steel
6.72 or 7.4 lbs per foot

54
Q

Locations on board

A

Quarter deck is 1-142-1
First digit- 1=main deck, next down is 2, next up is 01
Second digit- Rib number from bow, from 0 to 210
0-70 of main deck is officer country, berthing and lounges
All enlisted men’s quarters were below main deck
Third digit - side to side, 0= centerline, odd #=starboard, even#=port

55
Q 
Terminology :
Bathrooms 
Kitchen
Eating hall
Dishes washed
First aid room
Steering wheel in Pilot House
A 
Heads
Galley
Mess deck (or Crew’s mess)
Scullery
Sick Bay
Helm
56
Q

Name of engines in engine space 2

A

Jake & Elwood

57
Q

Purpose of Halon

A

Firefighting

58
Q

Commanding officers

A

30 have served
Last was Joe McGuiness, from 2003-2006
at rank of Commander

59
Q

Deck Cranes

A

Original - two 12-ton cranes

Replaced in 1982 with a HiabCargo Crane, 1320 lb maximum radius load, 1980 lb. minimum radius

60
Q

Anchors

A

Two Dunn Bower 6,000 lb anchors

61
Q

Significant CGC Mackinaw History

A

May, 1947 - broke ice and freed up 38 ships and led them into Buffalo Harbor, and escorted another 49 ships out of harbor
Next year did same for 12 ships in March

involved with rescues of numerous ships that were damaged or sunk

62
Q

Helicopter on board

A

H04S-2G helicopter on stern
For 6-8 weeks of ice breaking season
Made ice surveys for the icebreaker

The CCC Mackinaw (2 decks)

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