D.O.D #9 - Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Question 1

oliguric

Answer 1

low urine output/not peeing very much

Question 2

anorexic malaised

Answer 2

loss of appetite

Question 3

why is this patient nauseated

Answer 3

from waste build up

Question 4

post-op ICU

Answer 4

after operation in intensive care unit

Question 5

splenectomy

Answer 5

procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen

Question 6

IV

Answer 6

intravenous

Question 7

bilateral lower extremity edema

Answer 7

build up of fluid under tissue (bloating) in both legs

Question 8

PKD

Answer 8

polycystic kidney disease
(multiple fluid filled cysts growing on the kidney)

Question 9

S/G

Answer 9

sonogram

Question 10

creatinine

Answer 10

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
(sign of kidney disease; not filtering/not working)

Question 11

urea

Answer 11

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
(kidney’s aren’t working right; waste that the kidney’s help to filter away

Question 12

ARF

Answer 12

acute renal failure

Question 13

AKI

Answer 13

acute kidney injury

Question 14

edema

Answer 14

bloating

Question 15

what is the best way to diagnose PKD

Answer 15

with an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI

Question 16

do genetic diseases always take affect at birth?

Answer 16

no, genetic diseases do not always take affect at birth

Question 17

why did ARF change to AKI

Answer 17

to reflect that a decline in kidney function doesn’t always mean organ failure

Question 18

how fast does AKI develop?

Answer 18

rapidly over a few hours to days

Question 19

what does creatine and urea increase lead to?

Answer 19

fluid and electrolyte disorder

Question 20

causes of AKI

Answer 20

• a sudden dramatic drop in blood flow to kidney
  
  • sepsis (an overwhelming infection; one of most common cause of AKI), -> leads to
    reduced blood pressure -> decreases blood flow
  • while means decreased blood flow; BF slows -> kidney areas have inadequate blood
    supply, which leads to cell death
• Nephrotic drugs
• Sudden blockage that stops urine from flowing out the kidneys

Question 21

what type of pt. is at a high risk for AKI?

Answer 21

pt. w/ heart failure, liver disease, diabetes, or history of AKI

Question 22

3 types of AKI

Answer 22

Prerenal injury, Renal (intrinsic) injury, and Postrenal injury

Question 23

Prerenal Injury

Answer 23

occurs before the blood enters the kidney; kidney does not receive enough blood to filter

Question 24

Renal (intrinsic) injury:

Answer 24

diseases or injury affecting the kidney itself

Question 25

Postrenal Injury:

Answer 25

any condition that obstructs urine flow out of the kidney; blockage causes pressure to build in all renal nephrons

Question 26

signs of AKI

Answer 26

weight gain, angina/ chest pressure, symptoms of uremia

Question 27

uremia

Answer 27

weakness, fatigue, confusion, agitation, coma, seizures, loss of appetite, nausea, abnormal bleeding, heart problems, and SOB

Question 28

treatment for AKI

Answer 28

treat fast in ICU, ICU allows monitoring of BP, ECG, pulmonary, and mental states; if caused by a blockage, catheter endoscopy, surgery, meds to fix electrolyte levels, IV fluid, dialysis

Question 29

Hemodialysis

Answer 29

works as an artificial kidney; blood is removed from the body, waste is filterd, blood returns

Question 30

ADPKD

Answer 30

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease -- inherited or spontaneous mutation where cysts grow on the kidney

Question 31

ARPKD

Answer 31

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease -- occurs in 1 in 20,000 children; higher chance of being fatal; most likely need dialysis or transplant

Question 32

what is PKD?

Answer 32

it's common fatal disease where cysts grow on the kidneys

Question 33

how do you diagnose PKD?

Answer 33

ultrasound or sonogram